《世界反兴奋剂条例》下持有行为违规认定的完善

Refinements to Determination of Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method under the World Anti-Doping Code

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022030201

中文关键词:实际持有推定持有购买行为排他性控制控制与支配

英文关键词:actual possession constructive possession purchase exclusive control control and domination

基金项目:中国法学会部级法学研究课题(CLS(2016)D166)

作者	单位
张霞	苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州 215006

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中文摘要:

《世界反兴奋剂条例》(WADC)第2.6条规定了运动员与辅助人员持有禁用物质或禁用方法的违规行为。WADC附则部分持有的定义中规定了实际持有与推定持有、单独的购买行为，即构成持有。结合案例分析了WADC中实际持有与推定持有的内涵，并介绍了购买行为构成持有的特殊规定，在此基础上对比了持有行为与交易行为；分析了CAS仲裁庭根据现行WADC在仲裁实践中认定持有兴奋剂违规行为的认定要件与违规阻却事由。最后针对仲裁实践中持有规定存在实际持有与推定持有区分不明显，以及知道禁用物质存在的内涵不明的问题，提出了相应的完善建议。

英文摘要:

Article 2.6 of the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) defines possession of a prohibited substance or prohibited method by athletes and athlete support personnel; and possession in the APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS of the WADC defines actual possession, constructive possession, and purchase of a prohibited substance or prohibited method constitute possession. This article illustrates the meaning of actual possession and constructive possession and the special provisions of purchase behavior in WADC through case analysis, compares the difference between possession and trafficking; analyses the elements of possession violation in terms of both positive elements and deterrents to violations. Finally, corresponding suggestions for improvement are made to address the problems that there is no obvious distinction between actual possession and constructive possession and that there is ambiguity of knowing the existence of prohibited substances in the arbitration practice.

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