运动员的膳食评价
Methods for Dietary Assessment of Athletes
  
DOI:
中文关键词:膳食评价  运动员  食物摄入量  食物成分
英文关键词:dietary assessment, athlete  food intake  food composition
基金项目:国家体育总局科研项目(05037)
作者单位
方子龙 国家体育总局运动医学研究所运动营养研究中心国家运动营养测试研究中心国家体育总局运动营养重点实验室 
武桂新 郑州大学体育学院 
王启荣 国家体育总局运动医学研究所运动营养研究中心国家运动营养测试研究中心国家体育总局运动营养重点实验室 
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中文摘要:
      介绍了运动员食物和营养素摄入的评价方法,主要包括4个方面:(1)食物摄入量的评价方法,(2)膳食评价中的常见问题,(3)运动员食物摄入量评价的特殊问题,(4)膳食分析。膳食评价的方法有很多,如:膳食记录法、24 h膳食回顾法和食物频率问卷调查法。在膳食评价过程中,误报、零食、报告的坦率性以及评价的时间范围,都是需要注意的问题。另外,还要考虑运动员不同训练周期阶段的特殊问题、液体摄入、营养补充品和体重管理的问题。为了更有效地进行膳食评价分析,需选择恰当的食物成分数据库和营养分析软件。准确和全面的营养评价对客观地了解运动员的营养状况并提出膳食建议非常重要。
英文摘要:
      The article introduces the assessment methods for athletes' intake of food and nutritions, including assessment methods for food intake, problems in dietary assessment, special questions regarding athletes' food intake and dietary analysis. There are quite a few dietary assessment methods, such as keeping minutes of food intake, 24-hour dietary review and questionnaire for food-intake frequency, etc. In the process of dietary assessment, misinformation, snacks, frankness of declaration and the time and scope of assessment are the issues that are worth noticing.Besides, special questions in athletes' different training cycles, liquid intake, nutritional supplements and weight control need to be taken into consideration. In order to make dietary assessment more effective, appropriate food ingredients data base and nutritional analysis software are indispensable. A correct and general nutritional assessment is very important in order to know athletes' nutritional status and offer suggestions for diet.
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