优秀中长距离自行车运动员4周高原训练的机能监控

Physical function monitoring of elite road cyclists during four -week altitude training

DOI：

英文关键词:cycling altitude training physical function monitoring

基金项目:

作者	单位
杨明祥	上海市第二体育运动学校

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中文摘要:

旨在观察不同训练目的的4周高原训练对不同水平优秀自行车运动员身体机能的影响。方法：对8名优秀男子中长距离自行车运动员进行4周高原训练，内容包括公路专项力量、速度和公路有氧耐力，健将级组（C1）组以专项训练为主，一级组（C2）组以有氧耐力训练为主。每天监测晨脉；分别在高原训练2、3、4周和下高原1周后测试血常规；分别在大负荷训练后、休息后和下高原后2周测试血尿素（BU）、肌酸激酶（CK）；分别在高原训练前后测试身体成分。结果：两组晨脉均随运动负荷的变化而变化，并表现出高原训练早期升高后期下降的变化趋势；两组白细胞（WBC）和淋巴细胞（LY）均在高原训练期间有所降低，结束1周后回升，C1组变化幅度更大；两组血红蛋白（Hb）和红细胞压积（Hct）均在4周高原训练期间持续升高，并维持到结束后1周；C1组BU和CK变化与训练负荷相一致；高原训练后，C1组脂肪和C2组骨骼肌质量分别降低4.5%和3.9%。结论：自行车运动员身体机能对高原训练的适应性变化会受到高原训练经历和运动训练水平的影响。

英文摘要:

Objective: The aim of the present study is to observe the effect of the four-week altitude training with the different purposes on the physical function of the different-level elite cyclists. Method: Eight elite male long-distance cyclists had a four-week altitude training (AT), which included specific strength and speed training on road and aerobic endurance training. One group of master level (C1) mainly had specific training, and the other group (C2) did endurance training. Morning pulse was recorded every day. Blood routine was tested during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of AT and one week after AT. BU and CK were tested after the high-load training, rest and the two weeks after AT. Body composition was checked before and after AT. Results: The morning pulse of cyclists in two groups changed with the training load and elevated in the first two weeks of AT and dropped in the latter half. WBC and LY of the two groups decreased in AT and increased at the end of the first week after AT. The changes of C1 group were more obvious. Both Hb and Hct increased in the whole period of AT and continued to the end of the first week after AT. The changes of BU and CK in group C1 correlated to the training load. The body fat mass of C1 and the muscle mass of C2 decreased by 4.5% and 3.9% respectively after AT. Conclusion: The physical function adaptation of cyclists to AT is affected by AT experience and training level.

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