背越式跳高起跳尧腾空阶段躯干转动技术的运动学分析

Kinematic Analysis of Trunk Rotation during Take-off and Flight Phase of Fosbury Flop

DOI：

英文关键词:Fosbury Flop trunk rotation take-off angle arucs dorsalis

基金项目:广东省创新强校项目(2014KQNCX144)；广东省体育局项目(GDSS2014180)

作者	单位
郭梁	广州体育学院科学实验中心
吴瑛	上海体育学院体育教育训练学院
徐涛	广州体育学院研究生部

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中文摘要:

为了探究躯干转动在背越式跳高起跳、腾空阶段的生物力学规律，采用文献资料法、影像分析法、数理统计法等研究方法，对国内9名优秀男子跳高运动员进行运动学分析。研究结果显示：运动员起跳过程中3个时间点躯干纵轴与Y轴的夹角均值分别为(74.8±1.9）°、(81.3±1.9)°、(92.5±2.0)°；躯干三环节与XOY面夹角减小和增加的顺序（由快到慢）是：胸部段>腹部段>髋部段。研究认为：起跳离地瞬间适宜的躯干纵轴外倾角度（92°左右）除了可以避免身体碰触横杆和提高身体垂直速度外，还可以使身体获得足够的翻转角动量；在起跳和腾空过杆过程中，肩部发挥了引领作用。

英文摘要:

In order to probe into the kinematic law of trunk rotation in take-off and flight phase of back flop and by the means of literature study, video analysis and statistics, the authors made a kinematic analysis of the 9 elite Chinese male high jumpers. The result shows that the average value of the angle between the longitudinal axis and Y axis of trunk is (74.8±1.9)°, (81.3±1.9)°and (92.5±2.0)°respectively at the three time points during the take-off of athletes. The sequence of the decrease and increase of the angle of the three parts of body and XOY plane (from fast to slow) is chest > abdomen > hip. The conclusion of the study is that the proper angle of trunk longitudinal axis extroversion (approximately 92°) at the instant of take-off may help body avoid touching the bar and accelerate the vertical speed of body. Besides, it help body obtain enough angular momentum. In the course of take-off and clearing the bar, the part of shoulder exerts the role of guidance.

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