古代巫风的现代延续：武术基本功马步之“马”的探源及启示

Modern Continuity of the Ancient Magic Wind: the Origin and Enlightenment of "Ma" of the Magic Squatting in Martial Arts

投稿时间：2016-06-11

DOI：

中文关键词:武术马步巫风

英文关键词:wushu magic squatting magic wind

基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究项目（13YJC890019）；国家社会科学课题（15CTY020）；湖南省体育科学学会课题（2015HN050）

作者	单位	E-mail
蒋德龙	衡阳师范学院体育学院	jdl741124@126.com
谭广鑫	华南师范大学体育科学学院

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中文摘要:

从语音、考古、历史、民俗等方面，以武术人类学视角，梳理、比较与分析了马步之“马”的原始名称、原始意蕴及其重要启示。结论：（1）“巫”的上古及残存的读音为“ma”，“巫”的上古及残存的形象为“蹲踞”式，“巫”的上古及残存的活动为“下马”，进而初步判断马步之“马”的原始名称是“巫”；（2）“马步”之“马”的原型是战神、原旨是附体、原生是律动、原附是焚香，在其发展过程中与各种宗教（大如道教、佛教，小如清水教、白莲教、天理教、八卦教等等）有着千丝万缕的联系，夹带着浓浓的巫风。启示：为传播武术，马步英译应该是“magic squatting”；武术基本功习练可以“感性的神秘”，武术基本功研究则要“理性的神秘”。

英文摘要:

From the aspects of voice, archaeology, history and folklore and from the perspective of martial arts anthropology, the paper compares and analyzes the original name, original meaning and the important enlightenment of "Ma" in squatting stance. The conclusion is as follows,(1) The pronunciation of "magic" in ancient times and the remnant pronunciation is "Ma". The image of"magic" in the ancient times and the remnant image is "squatting". The activity of"magic" in the ancient times and the remnant activity is "dismount". And then we can determine the original name of "Ma Bu" is magic squatting. (2) The prototype of "magic" in the word "magic squatting" means the God of War, which has countless ties with the various religions such as Taoism, Buddhism, Waterism, White Lotus Society, Tenrikyo, Eight Diagrams Society, etc.), and the deep "magic" flavor can be tasted. The enlightenment to us is that "Ma Bu" should be translated into English as "magic squatting" in order to popularize wushu. The basic skills of martial arts can be practiced with "mystery of sensibility"and the researches of the basic skills of martial arts depend on "mystery of rationality".

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