优秀游泳运动员心脏形态及功能的超声心动图特征

Echocardiographic Characteristics of Heart Morphology and Function of Elite Swimmers

投稿时间：2018-08-15

DOI：10.12064/ssr.20190212

英文关键词:swimmer athlete's heart echocardiography

基金项目:上海市科委基础研究重点项目（16JC1400500）

作者	单位	E-mail
陈剑	上海市体育医院，上海 200237	cjian777@sina.cn
徐明
金坤

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中文摘要:

目的：探讨上海游泳队优秀游泳运动员心脏形态及功能特点。方法：运用超声心动图技术分析32名优秀游泳运动员（男12人，女20人）和40名普通人（男20人，女20人）的心脏形态结构与功能。结果：优秀游泳运动员的主动脉根部内径（AoD）、左房前后径（LAAPD）、左室舒张末期前后径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期前后径（LVESD）、左室舒张末期室间隔厚度（IVSd）、左室舒张末期后壁厚度（LVPWd）、左室心肌重量（LVM）、左室心肌质量指数（LVMI）均大于普通人群（P＜0.05），差异有统计学意义，且左室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末容积（LVESV）均显著高于普通人群（P＜0.05），左室射血分数（LVEF）及左室缩短分数（LVFS）低于普通人群，男子组有显著差异（P＜0.05），而女子组无明显差异（P＞0.05）。男女运动员左室每搏输出量（LVSV）均显著高于普通人群（P＜0.05），而左室心输出量（LVCO）与普通人群无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：上海优秀游泳运动员心脏发生耐力力量型生理性重塑，心脏泵血功能显著增强，具有较强的心力贮备，可作为优秀游泳运动员选拔的重要参考指标。

英文摘要:

Objective: To assess the cardiac structure and function of elite swimmers in Shanghai Swimming Team. Subjects and methods: Echocardiography was used to study the cardiac structure and function of 32 elite swimmers (12 males and 20 females) and 40 ordinary people (20 males and 20 females). Results: The AOD, LAAPD, LVEDD, LVESD, IVSD, LVPWD, LVM, LVMI of elite swimmers were all better than the general population (P<0.05), the difference being statistically significant. The LVEDV and LVESV were significantly higher than the general population (P<0.05), while the LVEF and LVFS were lower than the general population. Moreover, there was significant difference in the male group (P<0.05), but not in the female group (P>0.05). The LVSV of both male and female athletes was significantly higher than that of the general population (P<0.05), while the LVCO was not significantly different from that of the general population (P>0.05). Conclusion: The hearts of the elite swimmers in Shanghai were physiologically remodeled with endurance and strength. Their cardiac function was significantly enhanced with a strong heart rate reserve. These indexes can be used to draft elite swimmers.

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