日本武道组织研究及其对中国武术组织发展的启示

Research on Japanese Budo Organization and Its Implication for the Development of Chinese Wushu Organization

DOI：10.12064/ssr.20200607

英文关键词:Japanese Budo organization Chinese Wushu implication

基金项目:教育部人文社科基金项目（16YJC890006）

作者	单位
杜杰	山西大学体育学院,山西太原 030006

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中文摘要:

中日武技发展，离不开武术组织的保障。主要运用文献资料法对日本武道组织机构深入研究，认为：(1)日本武道组织属于实体的民间组织，受日本文部科学省监管；(2)日本武道组织与日本体育组织两者是平级关系，独立法人互有交叉；(3)日本武道组织是自下而上形成的民间组织；(4)日本武道组织是单项目实体组织、多项目联盟组织；(5)日本武道成立了全国都道府县立武道馆协议会，专门负责联络全国武道场馆，奠定了武道发展的根据地；(6)日本武道成立了日本古武术协议会，专门负责制定、筛选、联络日本民间各古武术流派。基于结论提出建议：(1)中国武术机构需要分类管理，设置相应的单项管理组织；(2)设立专门的传统武术管理组织与学术研究组织，对传统武术拳种制定详细的发展规划；(3)提升中国武术总组织的地位；(4)重视具有中国武术文化特点的武术场馆建设，成立相应的组织机构；(5)切实推进武术协会实体化工作；(6)注重中国武术民间组织自下而上的“生长”规律，制定相应政策，创造适应民间组织生长的政策环境。

英文摘要:

The development of Chinese Wushu and Japanese Budo are inseparable from their organizational support. This study reviewed related literature to gain an insight into the Japanese Budo organization. It is concluded that: (1) The Japanese Budo organization belongs to substantive non-governmental organizations, which are supervised by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; (2) The Japanese Budo Organization and the Japanese Sports Organization are at the same level, with independent legal entities overlapping each other; (3) Japanese Budo Organization is a bottom-up non-governmental organization; (4) The Japanese Budo organization is not only an individual sport entity, but also a multi-event alliance; (5) The Japanese Budo has county Budo museum agreement associations in different prefectures of Japan responsible for contacting the Budo Museums nationwide, which has laid the foundation for the Budo development; (6) The Japanese Budo has established the Traditional Budo Association, which is in charge of building, screening and contacting various Budo schools in Japan. Based on the above discussion, the following suggestions are put forward: (1) Chinese Wushu organizations need classified management and the individual management organization should be set up; (2) Special traditional Wushu management organizations and academic research organizations should be established to make detailed plans for the development of different Wushu schools; (3) The general organization of Chinese Wushu should be promoted to the high level; (4) Attach great importance to the opening of Wushu clubs characteristic of Chinese Wushu culture, and set up corresponding organizations; (5) Promote substantive work of wushu organizations; (6) Emphasize the bottom-up "development" law of Chinese Wushu organizations, and make corresponding policies to create an environment beneficial to the growth of non-governmental organizations.

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