开放式运动技能体育锻炼对小学六年级学生视力健康水平的影响

An Experimental Study on Effects of Open Motor Skill Exercise on Visual Health of Sixth Graders

DOI：10.12064/ssr.20220306

英文关键词:primary school students physical exercise static visual acuity kinetic visual acuity open motor skills visual load

基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY078)

作者	单位
杨敢峰	苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州 215021
赵冉	苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州 215021
周晟	苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州 215021
殷荣宾	苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州 215021
蔡赓	苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州 215021

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中文摘要:

目的：探究强化动态视觉任务的开放式运动技能体育锻炼和降低用眼负荷学习方式，以及两种方式相结合的干预对小学六年级学生动态视力(KVA)与裸眼远视力(SVA)的影响。方法：选取苏州市某学校六年级4个自然班学生168人，随机分为降负学习组、体育干预组、混合干预组和常规对照组，通过不同干预方式进行为期16周的实验干预，干预前与干预后测量KVA和SVA。结果：降负学习组学生KVA和SVA较前测均无显著性差异(P＞0.05)，学生SVA有所提高；体育干预组学生KVA和SVA较前测均无显著性差异(P＞0.05)，学生KVA有所提高；混合干预组学生实验后KVA显著性提高(t=-2.268，P＜0.05)，SVA极显著性提高(t=-2.718，P＜0.01)；常规对照组学生KVA和SVA较前测均无显著性差异(P＞0.05)，且2种视力均呈下降趋势。在性别差异方面，混合干预组女生SVA具有显著性提高(t=-2.368，P＜0.05)，常规对照组男生KVA出现极显著下降(t=2.897，P＜0.01)。结论：强化动态视觉任务的开放式运动技能体育锻炼与降低学生用眼负荷学习相结合的方式可以改善六年级学生的KVA和SVA，对学生的视力水平具有积极影响，能够有效延缓儿童近视发展进程。

英文摘要:

Objective: To explore the influence of open motor skill exercise and the way to reduce students' visual load in learning, as well as the impact of combining the two methods on kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and static visual acuity (SVA) of sixth grade students in the primary school. Method: 168 students from 4 classes in Grade 6 of a school in Suzhou were randomly divided into visual load reduction group, exercise intervention group, mixed intervention group and conventional control group. The experimental intervention lasted for 16 weeks with different methods. KVA and SVA were measured before and after the intervention. Results: There was no significant difference in KVA and SVA of the students in the visual load reduction group compared with the pre-test (P＞0.05), but the students' SVA was increased; There was no significant difference in KVA and SVA of the students in the exercise intervention group compared with the pre-test (P＞0.05), but the students' KVA was improved. In the mixed intervention group, KVA was significantly improved (t=-2.268, P＜ 0.05), and SVA was significantly improved (t=-2.718, P ＜ 0.01); There was no significant difference in KVA and SVA of the students in the conventional control groups (P ＞ 0.05), and both visual acuity showed a downward trend. In terms of gender, SVA of girls in the mixed intervention group was significantly improved (t= -2.368, P ＜ 0.05), while KVA of boys in the conventional control group was significantly decreased (t= 2.897, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The combination of open motor skill exercise to strengthen the kinetic visual acuity with the methods to reduce students' visual load in learning can improve both KVA and SVA of sixth grade students, The mixed intervention has a positive effect on the visual acuity of students, and effectively delays the development of myopia in children.

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