园外活动对3~6岁幼儿体质指标的影响

Effects of Out-of-Kindergarten Activities on 3-to 6-Year-Old Children's Fitness Indexes

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022071801

英文关键词:out-of-kindergarten activities children physical fitness National Physical Fitness Surveillance

基金项目:

作者	单位
翟博	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
洪金涛	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
陈莹	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
王晶晶	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
王道	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
方晨	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
郑樊慧	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030

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中文摘要:

目的：3~6岁幼儿的体质健康是国民体质监测工作中的重要组成部分，过往上海市3~6岁幼儿体质综合评级情况较好，结合第五次国民体质监测数据，了解上海3~6岁幼儿体质状况，探究相关影响因素，对及时发现体质健康问题并加以干预、促进儿童健康成长、提高国民体质健康具有重大的现实意义。方法：采用广义线性模型分析第五次国民体质监测3~6岁幼儿体质数据。结果：控制身高、体重、年龄等因素后，广义线性模型结果显示上海市男性幼儿体质指标成绩除坐位体前屈外整体上较女性幼儿更好(P＜0.05)；运动兴趣班与文艺兴趣班都参加的幼儿体质指标结果整体上优于只参加运动兴趣班、只参加文艺兴趣班或两者均不参加的幼儿(P＜0.05)；运动兴趣班与文艺兴趣班在多个体质指标上存在交互效应(P＜0.05)；居住地附近有专供幼儿使用的户外游乐设施的幼儿在部分体质指标结果上表现更优异(P＜0.05)。结论：园外活动对3~6岁幼儿体质指标有显著的积极影响；居住地周边的户外幼儿设施对3~6岁幼儿体质指标有显著的积极影响；未来幼儿园外活动与体质指标结果的量效关系等命题值得进一步研究。

英文摘要:

Objective: The physical health of 3- to 6-year-old children is an important part of national physical fitness testing. In the past, the comprehensive rating of physical fitness of 3- to 6-year-old children in Shanghai was good. It is of great practical significance to understand the physical condition of 3- to 6-year-old children in Shanghai and to explore the relevant influencing factors on the basis of the 5th National Physical Fitness Surveillance data, so as to discover and intervene the physical health problems in time, promote the healthy growth of children and improve the physical health of the people. Methods: Using Generalized Linear Model to analyze the physical fitness data of children aged 3-6 from the 5th National Physical Fitness Surveillance. Results: After controlling for height, weight, age and other factors, the results of GLM model showed that the physical fitness index scores of male children in Shanghai were better than those of female children except for sit and reach (P＜0.05), and the physical fitness index results of children who participated in both sports interest classes and literature and art interest classes were generally better than those who only participated in sports interest classes, who only participated in literture and arts interest classes, or who participated in none of them (P＜0.05). There was an interaction effect between sports interest classes and literture and arts interest classes on multiple physical fitness indicators (P＜0.05), children with outdoor play facilities near their residence performed better on some physical fitness indicators (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Activities outside the kindergarten have a significant positive impact on the physical indicators of 3- to 6-year-old children; The outdoor children's play facilities around the residence have a significant positive impact on the physical indicators of 3- to 6-year-old children; In the future, the topics such as the correlation between out-of-kindergarten activities and physical fitness index deserve further study.

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