上海市20~79岁成年人、老年人握力特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Grip Strength among 20- to 79-Year-Old Adults in Shanghai

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022021402

英文关键词:grip strength adults older adults Shanghai National Physical Fitness Test

基金项目:

作者	单位
洪金涛	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
翟博	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
陈莹	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
郑樊慧	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
王晶晶	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
方晨	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030
王道	上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海 200030

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中文摘要:

目的：通过分析2020年上海市第五次国民体质监测的数据，探究本市20~79岁成年人、老年人的握力现状，比较性别差异和年龄差异。方法：研究对象为40 842名成年人和老年人，使用握力测试仪测量握力，对采集的握力值进行描述性统计，使用独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析和多重比较检验比较握力的性别差异和年龄组差异。结果：男性握力均值为(41.8±8.10) kg，女性握力均值为(26.2±5.07) kg，各年龄组男性的握力均高于女性(P＜0.001)。男性握力峰值出现在35~39岁组(45.8±6.98) kg，女性握力峰值出现在40~44岁组(28.2±4.69) kg。随着年龄的增长，男性和女性的握力基本呈现先上升后下降的趋势。相较于20~24岁组的握力基准值，男性握力变化范围为 -31.01%~1.90%，女性握力变化范围为-23.00%~3.05%。结论：(1)各年龄组男性握力均大于女性；(2)男性和女性握力达到峰值的年龄组不同；(3)男性和女性握力变化幅度不一致；(4)增龄过程中，握力呈现出阶段性变化特征；(5)50~54岁组是握力下降的重要拐点，之后握力下降幅度越来越大，且男性握力降低比女性快。

英文摘要:

Objective: By analyzing the data from the 5th National Physical Fitness Test in Shanghai 2020, the aims of this study were to analyse the current status of grip strength among 20- to 79- year-old adults, and to compare gender and age differences. Methods: The subjects were 40,842 adults. We used a grip strength tester to measure grip strength, and recorded the maximum values. Descriptive statistics were performed on the collected data of grip strength. Gender and age differences were compared using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test. Results: The average grip strength of males was (41.8±8.10) kg, and that of females was (26.2±5.07) kg. The average grip strength of males in all age groups was higher than that of females (P ＜ 0.001). The peak grip strength of males appeared in the 35- to 39-year-old group (45.8±6.98) kg, and the peak grip strength of females appeared in the 40- to 44-year-old group (28.2±4.69) kg. With the increase of age, the grip strength of both males and females basically showed a trend of increasing initially and then decreasing. Compared with the reference value of grip strength in the 20- to 24-year-old group, the variation range of grip strength in males was -31.01%~1.90%, and that of females was -23.00%~3.05%. Conclusions: (1) the grip strength of males in each age group is greater than that of females; (2) males and females achieve peak grip strength in different age groups; (3) the range of grip strength changes between males and females is inconsistent; (4) in the process of aging, the grip strength presents the characteristics of change with stages; (5) the 50- to 54-year-old age group is an important point for the decline of grip strength, after which the decline in grip strength becomes more severe, and the grip strength of males decreases faster than that of females.

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