从盛赞、跌落到阐扬:健身卡冷静期的实践困境与立法建议

From Acclaim, Incompetency to Interpretation: The Practical Dilemma of the Fitness Card Cooling-off Period and Legislative Choices

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022052701

中文关键词:健身卡冷静期消费者撤回权规范模式合同自由体育法

英文关键词:fitness card cooling-off period consumer right of withdrawal normative model freedom of contract sports law

基金项目:上海市体育决策咨询研究重点课题(TJCZX202202)

作者	单位
胡汨	华东政法大学体育部,上海 201620
罗诚诚	浙江省公安厅政治部,浙江杭州 310020

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中文摘要:

通过分析健身卡冷静期的历史渊源、内涵及现实根源，指出其源于对缺陷销售方式的纠正。该制度因其解决“退费难”的初衷而受到媒体和消费者的“盛赞”，且对健身领域的过度宣传也具有积极意义。在法理上亦有实质正义、父爱主义和合同自由的学理支撑。但该制度以“行政倡导性文件”推行之初，便存在法律强制效力不足、经营者适用积极性缺乏等“跌落”内因，致使其在落地实践时面临重重困境。鉴于此，根据现有类似法律对该制度的“阐扬”指引，建议在《中华人民共和国体育法》的配套行政法规中确立并完善该制度：一方面，可明确健身卡冷静期的适用边界，增强经营者的适用意愿；另一方面，可适当扩大其适用的条件，促进健身服务行业的新一轮改革。

英文摘要:

By analyzing the historical origin, implication and realistic background of the cooling-off period of the fitness card, the author points out that the cooling-off period of the fitness card is set to correct the defective sales pattern. The policy has been welcome to the media and consumers for its original intention to solve the "difficulty in refunding fees", and has a rather positive influence on the hype in the fitness field. The policy also has the theoretical support from substantive justice, paternalism and freedom of contract. However, at the beginning of implementing the system as an "administrative advocacy document", there were internal factors such as insufficient legal coercive effect and inadequate applicability among operators, which has led to many difficulties since it was put into practice. In view of the above, according to the "interpretation" guidance of the system under the existing similar laws, the author re- commended to establish and improve the system in the supporting administrative regulations of the Sports Law from the two aspects: one is to clarify the application boundary of the cooling-off period of fitness cards and enhance the willingness of operators to apply; and the other is to further expand its applicable conditions and facilitate a new round of reform in the fitness service industry.

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