热环境下的降温时机与降温部位对运动表现的影响:系统评价与Meta分析

The Effect of Timing and Site of Cooling Strategies on Sports Performance in Thermal Environment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022060601

中文关键词:热环境降温措施运动表现 Meta分析

英文关键词:thermal environment cooling measure sports performance meta-analysis

基金项目:国家社科基金项目(21XTY001)；全国教育科学“十三五”规划课题教育部青年项目(ELA200416)；重庆市高校人文社科项目(21SKGH274)

作者	单位
郭振向	南京航空航天大学体育部,江苏南京 210016
周开祥	成都中医药大学体育健康学院,四川成都 611137
李奕臻	南京审计大学体育与艺术教学部,江苏南京 211815
陈辉	重庆第二师范学院体育与健康管理学院,重庆 400065 ；北京体育大学体能训练学院,北京 100084

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中文摘要:

目的：通过系统评价与Meta分析对36项降温方法的不同降温时机和降温部位进行定量合成与分析，为热环境下运动员降温策略的制定提供科学依据。方法：依据PRISMA声明控制研究过程，对国内外数据库进行文献检索，对纳入文献进行质量评价、定量合成、亚组分析、敏感分析等。结果：共纳入文献36篇，合并365名受试者；Meta分析结果发现混合降温(运动前与运动中)的合并效应量最大(SMD=1.28)，其次为运动中降温(SMD=0.85)和运动前降温(SMD=0.51)；躯干降温(SMD=1.45)＞体内降温(SMD=0.75)＞下肢降温(SMD=0.74)＞颈部降温(SMD=0.44)＞全身降温(SMD=0.42)＞口腔降温(SMD=0.31)＞手部降温(SMD=0.17)＞面部降温(SMD=-0.54)。结论：在降温时机的选择方面，采取连续性降温措施更有利于运动员的运动表现，尤其是在运动中以及间歇期间采取降温措施能更好延续降温效果，从而维持或提高运动表现；在降温部位的选择方面，采取不同的降温部位进行降温对运动表现提升的效果有所不同，身体局部降温和体内降温均能提高运动表现，但局部降温措施(躯干降温)效果更好，且更加符合运动员降温策略制定的实际需求。

英文摘要:

Objectives: To provide a scientific basis for the development of cooling strategies for athletes in thermal environments through a systematic review and meta-analysis on different timing and sites of 36 cooling methods. Methods: Based on the PRISMA statement to control the research process, a literature search was conducted on the CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORT-Discus, Science Direct, and Ovid LWW databases, and Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15.1 were used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, quantitative synthesis, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 36 literature articles and 365 subjects were included. Meta-analysis results found the largest effect size for mixed cooling (SMD=1.28), followed by intra-exercise cooling (SMD=0.85) and pre-exercise cooling (SMD=0.51); trunk cooling SMD=1.45 ＞ in vivo cooling SMD=0.75＞lower limb cooling SMD=0.74＞Neck cooling SMD=0.44＞whole body cooling SMD=0.42＞oral cooling SMD=0.31＞hand cooling SMD=0.17＞face cooling SMD=-0.54. Conclusion: In terms of the timing of cooling, continuous cooling measures are more beneficial to athletes' performance, especially during and between exercise. In terms of the choice of cooling site, the effect of different cooling sites on the improvement of athletic performance varies, with both local and internal cooling improving athletic performance, but local cooling measures (best for trunk cooling) are more effective and more in line with the actual needs of athletes' cooling strategies.

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