优秀青少年运动员有氧运动能力项群特点

Event-group-characteristics of Aerobic Capacity in Elite Adolescent Athletes

投稿时间：2023-02-28

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2023022802

英文关键词:adolescent aerobic capacity event-group VO_2max

基金项目:上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目（22dz1205100）

作者	单位
朱镕鑫	上海体育科学研究所（上海市反兴奋剂中心），上海 200030
司文翰	上海体育科学研究所（上海市反兴奋剂中心），上海 200030
蔡广	上海体育科学研究所（上海市反兴奋剂中心），上海 200030
尹晓峰	上海体育科学研究所（上海市反兴奋剂中心），上海 200030
冯煜	上海市竞技体育训练管理中心，上海 202162

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中文摘要:

目的：通过分析上海地区不同项群优秀青少年有氧能力，寻找不同项群有氧能力特点。方法：选择上海市2003—2014年一线、二线运动员测试数据库，从中筛选88名16岁以上男性，年龄为（17.5±1.2）岁，103名15岁以上女性，年龄为（16.4±1.1）岁，均为国家二级以上运动员，对其最大摄氧量绝对值和相对值进行统计分析，使用单因素方差分析以及Z分值等方法比较不同性别各项群间有氧运动能力特点。结果：耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值显著高于隔网对抗（P＜0.05）与格斗对抗（P＜0.01）。男性各项群间最大摄氧量相对值无显著差异；女性耐力项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于同场对抗（P＜0.01）、隔网对抗（P＜0.01）与格斗对抗（P＜0.01）；女性同场对抗项群最大摄氧量相对值显著高于格斗对抗（P＜0.05）。结论：耐力项群最大摄氧量绝对值高于其他项群；体能主导类项群最大摄氧量相对值高于技能主导类项群；同场对抗项群最大摄氧量绝对值优于相对值，其余项群最大摄氧量相对值和绝对值同步。为科学训练提供有力数据支持，教练员可以结合项群有氧运动能力特点，判断运动员的有氧工作能力水平，从而针对性地制定训练计划，提高整体竞技水平。

英文摘要:

Objective: This study intends to find the aerobic capacity characteristics of different sport groups by reviewing the aerobic capacity test data of Elite youths in Shanghai. Methods: The database of first- and second-tier athletes tested in Shanghai from 2003-2014 was selected, from which the absolute and relative values of maximal oxygen uptake of national second-tier athletes above 16 years old (n=88, age 17.5±1.2) for males and above 15 years old (n=103, age 16.4±1.1) for females were selected for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA and Z-scores were used to determine the characteristics of aerobic capacity between the sports in different gender. Results: The absolute values of VO_2max in the endurance group (male: 4.22±0.70 L/min; female: 3.33±0.55 L/min L/min) were significantly higher than those in the net events (male: 3.48±0.48 L/min, P=0.002; female: 2.74±0.31 L/min, P=0.035) and the combat events (male: 3.38±0.49 L/ min, P=0.001; female: 2.72±0.43 L/min, P=0.007). No significant differences in the relative values of VO_2max among the male groups. The relative values of VO_2max in the female endurance events (56.99±9.51 mL/kg/min) were significantly higher than those in the same- field confrontation group (48.16±7.22 mL/kg/min, P=0.004), the net events (43.92±5.64 mL/kg/min, P=0.000), and the combat events (43.33±4.94 mL/kg/min, P=0.000). The relative values of VO_2max were significantly higher in the female same-field confrontation item group than in the combat events (P=0. 0.028). Conclusion: The absolute values of VO_2max of endurance events are higher than those of other events. The relative values of VO_2max were higher in the fitness-dominated group than in the skill-dominated group. Absolute values of VO_2max in the same-field confrontation events are better than relative values, the relative and absolute values of VO_2max in the remaining events are synchronized. This study provides data can be used for research and training, coaches can use characteristics of VO_2max in different groups to determine the athletes' aerobic work capacity, to target the training plan and improve the overall competitive level.

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