校园足球中的相对年龄效应:上海市校园足球精英赛运动员的历时性

Relative Age Effect in Campus Football: A Diachronic Examination of Elite Campus Players in Shanghai

投稿时间：2022-10-16

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022101601

英文关键词:campus football relative age birth date talent identification

基金项目:

作者	单位
李旭辉	上海体育大学体育教育学院，上海 200438
倪鹏鹏	上海体育大学体育教育学院，上海 200438
李震	上海体育大学体育教育学院，上海 200438

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中文摘要:

运用文献资料法、数理统计法，以2018—2021年上海市青少年校园足球精英赛运动员为研究对象，从历时性角度探究不同年龄组别和退出精英赛运动员的相对年龄效应特征及成因。发现除高中组女足运动员外，精英赛各组别均存在显著的相对年龄效应；在比赛位置上，男足前锋和守门员的效应尤为突出，且女足不同位置的出生季度分布同样差异显著；从退出情况看，相对年龄较大的U15和高中组男足运动员退出精英赛的可能性较高，而女足不受其影响。相对年龄效应引发的选材偏见普遍存在于上海市校园足球活动中，尤其是对不同性别和比赛位置均有显著影响，但相对年龄较大的男足运动员同样面临着较高的退出风险。为调控其影响，应对相关从业者开展充分的认知培训，更新现有知识和培养理念，在实践中优化选材成效。

英文摘要:

This paper taking the athletes of the 2018-2021 Shanghai Youth Campus Football Elite Tournament as the research object. And the relative age effect characteristics and causes among athletes of different age groups and withdraw of the elite tournament were explored from a diachronic perspective by using the methods of literature and mathematical statistics. Results show that there were significant relative age effects in all groups of the elite tournament except for female players in the high school group. In terms of playing positions, the effect was particularly prominent on male forwards and goalkeepers, while the distribution of birth quarters on female soccer also differed significantly. The relatively older U15 and high school male soccer players were more likely to dropout from elite matches from the perspective of withdraw, but women's soccer was not affected by it. Thus, the selection bias induced by the relative age effect is prevalent among Shanghai school football activities, especially significant across gender and playing positions, while relatively older male soccer players are also at higher risk of withdraw. To mitigate the effect of relative age, adequate cognitive training should be conducted for relevant practitioners to update existing knowledge and training concepts and optimize the talent identification effectiveness in practice.

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