制度同构理论视角下北京冬奥会碳中和承诺的实现机制

Mechanisms for Achieving the Carbon Neutrality Commitments at the Beijing Winter Olympics from the Perspective of Institutional Isomorphism Theory

投稿时间：2022-05-28

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022052802

中文关键词:制度同构奥运会碳管理碳中和

英文关键词:institutional isomorphism Olympic Games carbon management carbon neutrality

基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA355)

作者	单位
刘宇晨	上海体育学院上海运动与健康产业协同创新中心,上海 200438
黄海燕	上海体育学院上海运动与健康产业协同创新中心,上海 200438

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中文摘要:

保护人类生态文明，共同应对气候变化已在国际体育领域达成共识，但碳管理在大型体育赛事中的应用与实践仍处于初步阶段。在国际奥委会的领导下，碳管理逐渐成为奥运会主办方在筹备、举办和赛后过程中的重点工作。以制度同构理论为基础，以组织场域为分析单位，构建北京冬奥会碳中和承诺的实现机制的理论框架。发现：制度同构理论中的3种同构机制为北京冬奥会为何实现碳中和目标、如何实现碳中和目标作出解释。在北京冬奥会碳中和的实现机制中，国际奥委会、主办方当局和其他利益相关者分别在不同阶段的同构过程中发挥着关键作用，且整个实现机制是一个从为遵从已有制度规则而“仪式化”采取相应行动到组织为争取“合法性”而主动采取行动的转变过程。得出：北京冬奥会的成功举办对推动我国大型体育赛事的碳管理工作有着重要意义，其中完善的赛事顶层设计、有力的政治支持、系统的赛事知识库、权威的认知共同体4个关键要素有助于我国建设大型体育赛事中的碳管理工作体系。

英文摘要:

Protecting human ecological civilization to jointly combat climate change has reached a consensus in the international sports field, but the application and practice of carbon management in large-scale sports events is still at a preliminary stage. Under the leadership of the IOC, carbon management has gradually become a key component of the work of Olympic Games organizers in the preparation, hosting, and post-event process. The study is based on institutional isomorphism theory and uses the organisational field as the unit of analysis to develop a theoretical framework for the realization of the carbon neutrality commitments at Beijing Winter Olympics. The study found that the three isomorphic mechanisms in institutional isomorphism theory explains why and how the Beijing Winter Olympics should achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. The IOC, the host authorities and other stakeholders each have a key role to play in the implementation of carbon neutrality at the Beijing Olympic Winter Games, and the whole process is a shift from ritualistic action to comply with existing institutional rules to proactive action by organisations to gain legitimacy. The study concludes that the success of the Beijing Winter Olympics is important for promoting carbon management in China′s major sporting events, with the four key elements, namely effective top-level design, strong political support, systematic knowledge database and authoritative epistemic community, contributing to the development of a carbon management system in China′s major sporting events.

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