1985—2005年我国汉族学生身体机能、素质的动态分析

Investigation and Study on Status of Physical Training, Vision, Study and Sleeping Time of Shanghai Teenagers

投稿时间：2008-05-05

DOI：

英文关键词:teenagers vision studying-time sleeping-time physical training

基金项目:中国教育部调研课题

作者	单位	E-mail
《中国学生体质与健康调研》课题组执笔:江崇民	国家体育总局体育科学研究所	jiangchongmin@263.net
于道中

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中文摘要:

采用1985年—2005年间4次中国学生体质与健康调研资料，对我国汉族7~22岁儿童青少年的身体机能和素质指标的变化进行动态分析，以揭示我国汉族学生身体机能与素质水平的变化特征和规律。研究结果发现：（1）20年来我国汉族学生机能和素质总体变化特征为速度素质和爆发力有所提高，但幅度不大。除13～18岁男生外，其它学生的力量耐力也有不同程度的提高；但耐力素质呈现出较大幅度的下降，这不仅表现在学生持续跑动能力上，而且在心肺功能上也表现出了较大幅度的下降。（2）在1985年至1995年10年间，除城镇男女学生耐力素质有所下降外，我国学生其它身体素质都有不同程度的提高，其中男女生爆发力和速度素质提高幅度较大，而耐力素质下降最大则是处于高中阶段（16～18岁）的学生。（3）在1995年至2005年10年间，我国学生机能和素质呈全面下降，下降幅度最大的是耐力素质。城镇学生下降幅度大于乡村学生，女生下降幅度大于男生，中学生幅度大于小学生。进一步分析这10年的变化情况发现，在2000—2005年这5年里，我国学生身体素质下降的幅度，比1995—2000年的5年里下降的幅度大。（4）我国学生身体素质下降与体育锻炼不足有较大关系，主要表现在参加时间不足和参加程度不够。（5）现阶段我国体育教学的课程改革还处于“泛化”过程中，无论是教学内容还是教学评估体系尚不能很好的围绕提高学生的身体机能、素质而形成合力。

英文摘要:

Adopting the materials of four times' investigation on Chinese students' constitution and health in the years of 1985 - 2005, the paper makes a dynamic analysis on the variation of the physical functions and fitness indices of the Chinese Han nationality juveniles aged 7 - 22 so as to reveal the variation characteristics and law of their physical functions and fitness. The result shows the following:(1)The variation characteristics of the Chinese Han nationality students' physical functions and fitness are the improvement of the speed makings and explosive power, which are not so satisfactory. Except the boys of 13-18 years old, strength endurance of the other students improved to some extent. But the quality of endurance decreased significantly. This can be seen in students' continuous running capacity and cardio-pulmonary functions. (2)During the 10 years from 1985 to 1995, the physical qualities of the Chinese students improved to varying degrees, especially the explosive power and speed makings. While the makings of endurance of the urban male and female students declined to some extent, especially at the stage of high school (16-18 years old).(3)During the 10 years from 1995 to 2005, the physical functions and fitness of the Chinese students decreased all-sidedly, especially the endurance makings. The decline of the endurance makings of the urban students, female students and middle school students was greater than that of the rural students, male students and elementary school pupils. Further analysis reveals that in the five years of 2000-2005, the decline of the physical qualities of the Chinese students is greater than that in 1995-2000.(4)The decline of the Chinese students' physical fitness is largely due to inadequate exercise. The Chinese students do not have enough time for exercise owing to fierce competition for first-rate education resources.(5)At the present stage, during the curriculum reform of PE teaching in China, the teaching contents and teaching evaluation system are not able to focus on the improvement of the students' physical functions and fitness.

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