比赛中不同发挥程度游泳运动员临赛前心率、血压、血乳酸的变化

Pre-Game Changes of Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Lactic Acid of the Swimmers with the Different Performance level in Competition

投稿时间：2011-02-09

DOI：

中文关键词:游泳优秀运动员比赛发挥生理状态监测

英文关键词:swimming elite athlete performance in competition physiological status monitoring

基金项目:

作者	单位
宋耀伟	西安体育学院游泳教研室
周予墨

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中文摘要:

对比31名优秀游泳运动员2次比赛成绩，将其分成超常、正常、失常组，监测不同组别运动员临赛前准备活动前、中、后心率、血压、血乳酸，采用方差分析，探索临赛前准备活动中强度练习的等级，及优秀游泳运动员赛前适宜比赛的生理状态。结果显示：赛前准备活动的强度练习，心率应达到80%～90% HR max，血乳酸3～4 mmol/L，收缩压大幅上升，舒张压不变或下降。赛前2h适宜比赛的生理状态，心率、收缩压接近或可略高于安静时，舒张压接近或略低于安静时，血乳酸2mmol/L以下。赛前15～20 min心率、收缩压、舒张压应恢复或可略高于准备活动前。血乳酸并非监测游泳运动员赛前生理状态，评价准备活动强度的敏感指标。建议重视临赛前准备，注重监控运动员赛前生理状态，合理安排赛前准备活动强度。

英文摘要:

Comparing the results of 31 elite swimmers in two competitions, the author divided them into supernormal, normal and subnormal groups and monitored their heart rate, blood pressure and lactic acid before, during and after the pre-game warm-ups. Adopting variance analysis, the paper tries to explore the levels of intensity practice in pre-game warm-ups and the suitable pre-game physiological status of elite swimmers. The result shows that in pre-game intensity practice, heart rate should reach 80-90%HRmax and lactic acid 3-4mmol/L. Systolic blood pressure rises distinctly and diastolic blood pressure keeps stable or decreases. Two hours prior to competition, heart rate and systolic blood pressure are close to or a bit higher than those during the state of tranquility. Diastolic blood pressure is close to or a bit lower than that during the state of tranquility. Blood lactic acid is lower than 2mmol/L. At the time of 15-20min before competition, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure should recover or a bit higher than those before warm-up. Lactic acid is not a sensitive indicator for monitoring swimmer?pre-game physiological status evaluating the intensity of warm-ups. The article suggests paying attention to pre-game warm-up, monitoring athletes?pre-game physiological status and appropriately arranging intensity of pre-game warm-ups.

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