运动性心律失常研究现状与前景

Status Quo and Prospects of the Researches on Athletic Arrhythmia

DOI：

英文关键词:athletic arrhythmia status quo perspective

基金项目:国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务经费（10-01）

作者	单位
常芸	国家体育总局体育科学研究所

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中文摘要:

运动心脏作为运动员所特有的“高功能，高储备，大心脏”一直被认为是运动员良好体能状态的重要保障，但在运动训练监控中我们发现一些运动员或多或少存在某些心脏结构改变和心律失常现象，往往影响运动员的系统训练和竞技水平的提高，常常困扰着运动员和教练员。运动医学研究也显示，在大运动量训练与反复大强度运动后运动心脏细胞与亚细胞的形态结构与功能代谢发生了某些失代偿性改变，引起运动性心肌微损伤，而且，右心房、右心室及内膜下心肌组织是运动心脏对大运动量训练与反复大强度运动的敏感区域，又称易损部位。尽管目前运动性心肌微损伤现象已为人所知，且运动性心律失常发生也与运动性心肌微损伤有关，但其病因、病理及发病机制尚不十分明了，运动员心肌微损伤与运动性心脏意外的发生很难早期诊断、预测和防治。针对优秀运动员潜在心脏隐患的调研也证实优秀运动员存在较高的心律失常风险，且专项训练年限长的运动员更为常见，一些运动员因此而退赛，甚至退役。运动性心律失常已经成为影响运动员体能、健康以及正常训练比赛的重要原因之一，制约了部分优秀运动员竞技水平和比赛成绩的提高。部分退役运动员留下了永久性的心律失常。本文主要针对运动性心律失常的常见类型以及病理变化与发生机制进行了综述与探讨，并对未来研究前景进行了展望，希望开展运动性心律失常电生和分子病理的研究，规避运动场上心血管意外的发生，保障运动员健康、延长运动寿命。

英文摘要:

Athlete's heart, a special heart of high Efficiency and high reservation, is the main guarantee for athlete's perfect physical state. Yet in monitoring sports training, we have found that to some extent, some athletes are facing the problems of cardiac structural changes and arrhythmia. This often affects athletes' systematic training and the improvement of athletic performance, which is the vexation of athletes and coaches. Study on sports medicine shows that after intensive training and repeated intensive exercise, some decompensated changes occur in the morphological structures and functional metabolism of cardiac cell and subcellular fraction, which causes athletic myocardial micro-damage. Besides, right atrium, right ventricle and heart tissues beneath endomembrane are the sensitive areas of heart toward intensive training and repeated intensive exercise. These areas are called vulnerable parts. Though athletic myocardial micro-damage has been known and athletic arrhythmia is correlated to athletic myocardial micro-damage, etiology, pathology and pathogenesis are not yet clear. It is difficult to diagnose, predict and prevent athletic myocardial micro-damage and athletic cardiac accident at an early stage. Researches on the hidden heart trouble of some elite athletes prove that there is higher risk of arrhythmia for elite athletes, especially for those who have had many years of specific training. Some athletes have to quit the competitions or retire. Athletic arrhythmia has become one of the main reasons affecting athletes' physical ability, health, training and competition and restricting the improvement of some elite athletes' performance. Some retired athletes are obsessed with permanent heart arrhythmia. The article discusses the types, pathology and pathogenesis of athletic arrhythmia and look into future researches in this regard. The aim of this study is to enhance the researches on electro-production and molecular pathology of athletic arrhythmia so as to avoid the occurrence of cardiovascular accidents, protect athletes' health and stretch athletes' sports career.

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