优秀短距离蛙泳运动员个性化体能诊断与训练的实证研究

Empirical Study of the Personalized Physical Diagnosis and Training of Elite Short-distance Breaststroke Swimmers

DOI：

英文关键词:personalized physical diagnosis personalized physical training physical training short-distance breaststroke

基金项目:国家体育总局重点研究领域课题

作者	单位
闫琪	北京市体育科学研究所
裴怡然	北京市体育科学研究所

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中文摘要:

根据现代功能性体能训练的理念和短距离蛙泳的专项特点，对运动员王*进行个性化体能诊断，通过对体成分、FMS、Y型平衡、CMJ垂直纵跳、最大功率、攀爬机等测试结果的分析，发现运动员的左右下肢的灵活性存在不对称，右下肢后群肌肉柔韧性较差，左侧髋关节和右侧肩关节的稳定性相对偏弱。确定运动员的薄弱环节和训练初始能力后，根据诊断结果和比赛时间设计12周的个性化体能训练计划，将训练划分为基础能力训练期、最大力量训练期、爆发力训练期和连续功率训练期4个阶段，在距离比赛一周时对运动员重新进行各项体能测试，通过数据分析发现运动员的薄弱环节得到改善，同时爆发力、速度和专项耐力均得到提高。运动员在训练结束一周后参加全国游泳锦标赛，在50 m和100 m蛙泳比赛中均获得金牌，专项成绩均得到较大幅度提高。

英文摘要:

The personalized physical diagnosis was arranged for Wang, a swimmer, according to the concept of modern functional physical training and the specific characteristics of short-distance breaststroke. Through the analysis of the test results of body composition, FMS, YBT, CMJ, maximum power and climber, it is discovered that the mobility of the swimmer’s left and right lower extremities is asymmetric. The flexibility of the posterior muscles of the right leg is unsatisfactory. The stability of the left hip and right shoulder is relatively weak. After determining the weak points and initial training ability of the swimmer, a 12-week personalized physical training program was worked out according to the diagnosis result and the competition schedule. The training period was divided into 4 stages of the basic ability development period, maximal strength development period, explosive power development period and continuous power development period. All the above-mentioned tests were conducted one week before the competition. The result of the data analysis shows that the swimmer’s weak points have been improved and the explosive power, speed and specific endurance have been enhanced. The swimmer entered the National Swimming Championships one week after the training and carried off the gold medals of 50m and 100m breaststroke. His specific performance was improved greatly.

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