青少年训练主体概念的重建

Reconstruction of the Main Concept of Successful Youth Training

DOI：

英文关键词:youth training characteristics reconstruction form theoreticalresearch athletes' process investigation

基金项目:

作者	单位	E-mail
Andreas Hohmann（德）	德国拜罗伊特大学运动科学学院	andreas.hohmann@uni-bayreuth.de
袁鑫池	德国拜罗伊特大学运动科学学院

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中文摘要:

在原有的运动训练学的背景下，我们在此处描述的对运动训练质的研究设计肯定会被看作是在以自然科学中的量为主导的学科中的一个例外，我们的研究目的在于获得对青少年训练对象的理解。站在教练员的立场，与此项研究相关的方面是错综复杂的，换句话说，此项研究的重点不是研究者的视角，更多的是被研究者的立场观点。本项目的研究内容是青少年训练过程中运动员主观条件的重要性，研究重点是探讨无法进行标准化研究的知识所适用的研究形式。调研几乎涵盖了儿童及青少年训练阶段的全部时间节点，采取了部分标准化、主线鲜明的采访形式，使得调研目的得以完美实现：实事求是地凸显出青少年竞技类运动项目训练体系的内在特征，并且可以对这些特征的合理程度在各种运动项目的对照下进行比较分析。与量化研究方法相比，成功青少年训练的主体概念项目强调了质性研究方法的特征，其采用的调查分析方法体现了探索特性，重建或建设性的特性和形成理论的特性。然而在调查结论中得出了一个成功青少年教练主观理论的逻辑，完全颠覆了针对调研中心思想预先规定的主题结构，有必要通过实验进行更多以客观认知与调查分析为基础的干预性研究，以澄清青少年训练中一些尚不明确的细节问题。此外，在研究成功的青少年训练时，如不考虑教育学、心理学、社会学等方面的因素，我们无法单单从训练科学的角度出发就能足够系统化地分析儿童和青少年在“日常理论”中的训练过程。

英文摘要:

On the basis of the present training science, we describe the research and design of the quality of the sports training, which will surely be considered as an exception to the subjects guided by quantity in the natural science. Accordingly, our aim is to obtain the understanding of the training objects. In the eyes of the coaches, the research is very complicated. In other words, the focus of the study is not the perspective of the researchers, but is mainly related to the viewpoint of the research objects. The research studies the importance of athletes’ subjective condition in the course of training. The key of the study is to explore an applicable research mode for the knowledge that is not suitable for standardized research. The survey nearly covers all the phases of the training of the youngsters. Due to the standardized and clear-object interview form, the aim of the survey has been achieved satisfactorily. The result of the study realistically features the inner characteristics of the training system of junior competitive sports and makes a comparative analysis of the rational degrees of these characteristics of the different sports. Compared to the method of quantitative research, this study on the main concept of successful youth training lays stress on the characteristics of qualitative research. The ways of survey and analysis adopted in the study are characterized by exploration, reconstruction and theory formation. However, the logic of the subjective theory of a successful coach of the junior athletes totally has reversed the pre-chosen theme structure of the research. The author is now more convinced of his opinion, which means it is necessary to make more interventional studies through experiments based on objective cognition and investigation so as to clarify some undefined minor problems. Besides, it is not possible for us to analyze systematically the training course of the youngsters with routine activity theories from the aspect of scientific training without taking into account of the factors of pedagogy, psychology, sociology and so on.

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