两种大强度间歇训练对优秀公路自行车运动员有氧能力的影响

The Effect of Two Different Interval Training on the Aerobic Capacity of Elite Road Cyclists

投稿时间：2018-04-10

DOI：

英文关键词:Sprint interval training High intensity interval training road cyclist Aerobic capacity

基金项目:

作者	单位	E-mail
屈成刚	云南省体育科学研究所	ynssiqcg@126.com
唐一丹	云南省体育科学研究所

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中文摘要:

目的：比较两种大强度间歇训练手段对优秀自行车运动员有氧运动能力的影响。方法：将15名备战全国“十三运”的云南省自行车队男子运动员随机分为3组， S组训练方案采用SIT/耐力训练， H组训练方案采用HIIT/耐力训练， C组为对照组，进行传统耐力性训练；训练持续3周。训练前后进行递增负荷测试和有氧运动能力测试，测试指标包括最大摄氧量绝对值（VO2max）、最大摄氧量相对值（VO2max/kg）、每分通气量（VE）、最大心率（HRmax），并通过公式计算每搏输出量（SV），以及测试递增负荷后即刻血乳酸（BLA）、最大有氧功率（P）和40 km个人计时成绩进行了测试。结果：（1）3周训练后，S组运动员VE、HRmax、SV、VO2max、VO2max/kg、P和ITT40km均较训练前有显著性提高（P＜0.05）；H组运动员VE、VO2max/kg、ITT40km较训练前有显著性增加（P＜0.05），BLA有显著性的下降（P＜0.05）。（2）S组运动员ΔVE、ΔHRmax、ΔSV、ΔVO2max、ΔVO2max/kg、ΔBLA、ΔITT40km显著提升（P＜0.05），且优于其余两组；H组仅ΔITT40km存在明显提升（P＜0.05）。结论：间歇训练结合耐力训练对优秀公路自行车运动员的呼吸系统、有氧供能系统可产生积极的影响；而且，SIT结合耐力训练较HIIT结合耐力训练或传统耐力训练更能提高公路自行车运动员的有氧代谢能力和有氧运动能力，训练效果更佳。

英文摘要:

The purpose of this study, we compared the effects of two high-intensity interval training on aerobic exercise ability of elite endurance athletes. Methods: Participants 15 well-trained road cyclists were divided into three groups. The first group trained using sprint interval training with endurance training; The second group trained using high intensity interval training with endurance training; the third group was the control group, which using traditional endurance training. Training duration was 3 weeks. The Graded exercise stress test and aerobic exercise ability test were conducted before and after training. The test indexes included VO2max, VO2max/kg , VE, and HRmax and the stroke volume (SV) was calculated by formula, the BLA and ITT40km were tested. Results: After 3 weeks, VE, HRmax, SV, VO2max, VO2max/kg, P and ITT40km in group S were significantly higher than those before training (P＜ 0.05); VE, VO2max/kg and ITT40km in group H were significantly higher than those before training (P＜0.05), and BLA was significantly lower (P＜0.05). In group S, ΔVE, ΔHRmax, ΔSV, ΔVO2max, ΔVO2max/kg, ΔBLA, ΔITT40km were significantly improved(P＜0.05), which was better than the other two groups. And only ITT40km in group H increased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Intermittent training combined with endurance training has a positive impact on the respiratory system and aerobic supply system of elite road cyclists. Moreover, SIT combined with endurance training can improve the aerobic metabolism ability and aerobic exercise ability of road cyclists than HIIT combined with endurance training or traditional endurance training is better.

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