U13组和U15组女子足球运动员下肢功能特征与运动表现的异同

Changes of Lower-limb Functional Strength and Athletic Performance of Female Football Players in the U13 and U15 Groups

投稿时间：2018-11-09

DOI：10.12064/ssr.20190214

中文关键词:女子足球 U13 U15 下肢功能特征运动表现

英文关键词:Women's football U13, U15 characteristics of lower limb function athletic performance

基金项目:山西省体育局科研课题（17TY114）

作者	单位	E-mail
申小宝	1.山西体育职业学院，山西太原 030006；	674837602@qq.com
赵栋辉	2.上海市金山区青少年业余体育学校，上海200540	1215097358@qq.com

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中文摘要:

处于生长高峰期的女子足球运动员的身体素质变化迅速，由于缺少有效的测试评价手段，教练员往往难以制定个性化体能发展计划。方法：选取山西体育职业学院U13组（42人）和U15组（23人）女子足球运动员，确保无疲劳情况下进行下肢功能力量（单脚跳、跨步跳和侧向跨步跳）特征和运动表现（反应力量指数、下肢刚度、20 m冲刺和T测试）测试。结果： U13和U15组在单脚跳、跨步跳、侧向跨步跳、反应力量指数（RSI）、下肢刚度、20 m冲刺均存在统计学差异（P＜0.05），而在T测试（12.53±0.72）、（12.45±1.06）未见统计学差异。U13和U15组在单脚跳相对值（0.91±0.10）、（0.89±0.10），跨步跳相对值（0.99±0.08）、（0.98±0.08），侧向跨步跳相对值（1.01±0.09）、（0.98±0.07），均未见统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组单脚跳相对值均达到89%，而相对跨步跳成绩两组均未达到109%。结论：U13和U15组女足运动员加速能力（单脚跳/身高值）普遍超过89%，而减速能力（跨步跳/对侧单脚跳）均未达到109%；U15组女子足球运动员的下肢功能、20 m冲刺和RSI成绩均有显著提高，但T测试成绩改善并不明显。

英文摘要:

Objectives: The physical fitness of female football players in PHV changes rapidly. Due to the lack of effective test and evaluation methods, coaches often find it difficult to formulate personalized fitness development plan. Methods: In this study, 42 female football players (U13 group) and 23 female football players (U15 group) in PHV from Shanxi Institute of Physical Education were selected to test their functional strength of lower limbs (hop, bound and lateral bound) and performance (RSI, lower extremity stiffness, 20m sprint and T test) without fatigue. Results：There were significant differences between U13 and U15 groups in hop, bound, lateral bound, RSI, lower extremity stiffness and 20m sprint (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in T test. There was no significant difference in the relative value of hop, bound and lateral bound (P>0.05) between U13 and U15 groups. The relative value of the two groups reached 89%, while the relative jump score of the two groups did not reach 109%. Conclusion: The acceleration ability (hop/height) of female football players was generally over 89%, and the deceleration ability (bound/opposite side hop) did not reach 109%; The lower limb functional strength, 20 meter sprint and reaction strength index scores of female football players were significantly improved but the improvement of T test scores was not significant.

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