基于平昌冬奥会赛况及主场优势对我国雪车和钢架雪车发展的启示

Enlightenment for Development of Bobsleigh and Skeleton in China Based on PyeongChang Winter Olympics and Its Home Court Advantage

投稿时间：2018-09-14

DOI：

中文关键词:雪车，钢架雪车，跨界跨项，主场优势

英文关键词:bobsleigh, skeleton, crossover sports home court advantage

基金项目:

作者	单位	E-mail
武林志	湖南省体育科学研究所	wlz0127@126.com
唐琨	黑龙江省体育科学研究所
段玉丞	北京市体育科学研究所

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中文摘要:

通过分析平昌冬奥会雪车和钢架雪车的赛况及主场优势，探索雪车和钢架雪车的发展规律，力求为我国雪车和钢架雪车项目的发展提供借鉴和参考。收集整理雪车和钢架雪车项目基本信息、平昌冬奥会赛况、获奖运动员信息及主场优势。研究发现：平昌冬奥会雪车和钢架雪车项目获奖运动员身材高大、年龄偏高；雪车和钢架雪车项目运动员跨界、跨项比例非常高；初学雪车和钢架雪车的年龄与运动成绩无直接联系，有丰富运动经历、运动水平较高、年龄略小（20岁以下）的其他项目运动员（田径）可转雪车和钢架雪车，且运动成绩提升速度快，通常在训练两年后，可达世界高级水平；雪车和钢架雪车训练和比赛的赛道极其稀缺，有限的赛道集中在东道主国家，这些国家的运动员较其他国家运动员有更多的时间熟悉赛道，这可能在一定程度上增加获胜的几率。

英文摘要:

By analyzing the game condition and home court advantage of bobsleigh and skeleton of the PyeongChang Winter Olympics, the development law of bobsleigh and skeleton can be concluded and taken as reference for the development of bobsleigh and skeleton in China. Basic information of bobsleigh and skeleton, the game conditions, the home court advantage and the winners of PyeongChang Winter Olympics have been collected. The study found that the winners of bobsleigh and skeleton were tall and at relatively older age. Athletes of bobsleigh and skeleton have a very high ratio of doing crossover sports and crossover projects. There is no correlation between the age of bobsleigh and skeleton beginners and their sports performance. Athletes (track and field) with rich sports experience, high level of sports performance at younger age (under 20 years old) can turn to bobsleigh and skeleton with faster speed of improving athletic performance, and usually reach world's advanced level after two years of training. The training and competition tracks of bobsleigh and skeleton are extremely scarce, and the limited tracks are concentrated in the host country. Athletes in these countries have more time to familiarize themselves with the track than athletes from other nations, which may increase the victory rate to some extent.

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