马拉松不同水平业余男子选手训练学和肌力特征比较

A Comparative Study on Athletic Training and Muscle Strength Characteristics of Male Amateur Marathoners at Different Levels

投稿时间：2019-08-19

DOI：

中文关键词:马拉松训练学特征肌力特征单脚跳下肢刚度卷腹

英文关键词:marathon training characteristics muscle strength characteristics hopping lower limb stiffness crunch

基金项目:上海市体育局科技综合计划项目（16Z007）

作者	单位	E-mail
杨涛	上海体育学院	yangtao318@126.com

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中文摘要:

对完成2016年北京马拉松、上海国际马拉松的258名男性业余选手赛前1周内进行训练学特征问卷和体能测试，将规定时间完成比赛且赛后1周完成伤病排查随访者193人纳入研究。根据2018年新增分级标准：A组118人、B组65人、C组10人。结果显示，周训练平均配速3组间均存在显著差异[A组（9.6±3.4） km/h、B组（11.8±4.0） km/h、C组（13.7±6.4） km/h]；安排抗阻训练A组（56.2%）与B组（66.2%）和C组（70.7%）存在显著差异；安排间歇训练3组间均存在显著差异（A组40.6%、B组 50.2%、C组69.8%）（P＜0.05）；单腿跳相对值和单腿跳对称性A组（78.53%±12.43%、73%±13%）与B组（85.37%±12.80%、81%±14%）、C组（91.70%±11.43%、87%±12%）间存在显著差异；卷腹次数C组（61.00±62.27）次与A组（24.90±27.91）次、B组（35.95±26.40）次间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。表明不同级别业余马拉松选手的主要训练差异为抗阻训练和间歇训练的参与度，与成绩相关的肌力特征指标有单脚跳相对值、单脚跳对称性和卷腹次数，下肢刚度未见差异。

英文摘要:

This study conducted an athletic training questionnaire among 258 male amateurs who completed the 2016 Beijing Marathon and Shanghai International Marathon and physical fitness tests . 193 people who completed the match within the specified time and meanwhile completed the injury investigation within a week after the match were included in the study. According to the new grading standards in 2018: 118 people are listed in Group A , 65 in Group B , 10 in Group C The results showed that there were significant differences among the three groups in the weekly training rate [Group A (9.6±3.4) km / h, Group B (11.8±4.0) km / h, Group C (13.7±6.4) km / h]; there was a significant difference in resistance training between Group A (56.2%) and Group B (66.2%), Group C (70.7%) ; there were significant differences (P<0.05) in interval training among the three groups (Group A 40.6%, Group B 50.2%, Group C 69.8%); there was a significant difference in hopping relative value and symmetry between Group A (78.53%±12.43%, 73%±13%) , and Group B (85.37%±12.80%, 81%±14%), Group C (91.70%±11.43%, 87%±12%); and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between Group C (61.00±62.27) times and Group A (24.90±27.91) times, Group B (35.95±26.40) times. The study shows that the major training differences of amateur marathoners at different levels are the participation in resistance training and interval training; the muscle strength characteristics related to sports performance include the hopping relative value and symmetry as well as the number of crunches; and there is no difference in the lower limb stiffness.

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