冬训备赛期间优秀雪车运动员睡眠质量及影响因素

Research on Sleep Quality and Affecting Factors of Elite Bobsleigh Athletes during Winter Training and Preparation Period

DOI：10.12064/ssr.20220205

中文关键词:睡眠质量自主神经心率变异性心境状态雪车运动员

英文关键词:sleep quality autonomic nervous system heart rate variability profile of mood state bobsleigh athletes

基金项目:国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”项目(2018YFF0300800)

作者	单位
李秦陇	北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京 100084
张亮	国家雪车集训队,北京 102106
李博雅	国家雪车集训队,北京 102106
周越	北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京 100084

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中文摘要:

目的：本研究通过监测雪车运动员完整睡眠过程、睡前自主神经状态和心境状态(POMS)，探究雪车运动员冬训备赛期间，睡前自主神经和POMS对睡眠质量的具体影响，为解决雪车运动员睡眠问题提供合理的方案。方法：研究对象为8名国际级健将雪车运动员。使用空气垫式睡眠监测仪监测睡眠完整过程，Polar心率胸带和Ignite手表监测睡前自主神经，POMS量表评价心境状态。对睡眠状态、自主神经和POMS使用Spearman相关分析和概要T检验进行分析。结果：雪车运动员睡眠质量与正常成年人相比，睡眠潜伏期偏长，浅睡眠占比过多，深睡眠占比过少，睡前交感神经占主导作用，消极情绪较多。经相关分析发现，总睡眠时长与疲劳值呈高度正相关；浅睡眠占比与副交感神经指数、RR间期(2个QRS波中R波之间的时间)连续差值的均方根、精力值呈高度负相关，与交感神经指数和平均心率呈高度正相关；觉醒期占比与低频功率(LF)呈高度正相关，与慌乱值呈高度负相关；睡眠潜伏期与高频功率(HF)呈极高度负相关，与LF/HF呈高度正相关。结论：雪车运动员冬训备赛期间的睡眠质量存在睡眠潜伏期长、浅睡眠占比过多、深睡眠占比过少的问题，可能与睡前交感神经占主导作用及消极情绪较多有一定关系。建议雪车运动员调整睡前自主神经状态，同时进行心理训练和心理疏导，以此提高睡眠质量，促进身体机能恢复。

英文摘要:

This paper aims to explore the autonomic nerve and POMS (Profile of Mood States) before sleep and the specific effects on sleep quality during winter training and preparation period by monitoring the complete sleep process, autonomic state and POMS of bobsleigh athletes. It helps to provide a reasonable solution for the sleep problem of bobsleigh athletes. The subjects of this study are 8 world-class bobsleigh athletes. Polar heart rate chest band and Ignite watch are used to monitor autonomic nerve system before sleep. The POMS are used to evaluate mood state. And sleep mattress is used to monitor the whole sleep process. The sleep status, autonomic nerve system and POMS are analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and T-test. The results show that the sleep quality of bobsleigh athletes has a longer latency period, much too light sleep, too little deep sleep, sympathetic nerves before sleep, and more negative emotions which compared with normal adults. Correlation analysis shows that total sleep time is positively correlated with fatigue value. The proportion of light sleep time is negatively correlated with parasympathetic index, root mean square of RR interval, vigor value, and positively correlated with sympathetic index and average heart rate. The proportion of awakening time is positively correlated with low frequency power (LF), and negatively correlated with panic. Sleep onset latency is highly negatively correlated with high frequency power(HF), and highly positively correlated with LF/HF. In conclusion, there are problems with long sleep onset latency, much too light sleep, and too little deep sleep of bobsleigh athletes during the winter training and preparation Period. These problems may be related to the dominant role of sympathetic nerves and more negative emotions before sleep. It suggests that bobsleigh athletes should adjust their autonomic nervous state before sleep, and carry out psychological training and psychological counseling at the same time to improve the quality of sleep and promote the recovery of body function.

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