国家残疾人高山滑雪站姿运动员备战期生理生化机能监控与评价研究

The Monitoring and Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Function for the National Handicapped Alpine Skiing Standing Athletes in Preparation Period

DOI：10.12064/ssr.20220208

中文关键词:残疾人运动员高山滑雪生理生化机能监控最大摄氧量

英文关键词:disabled athletes alpine skiing physiological and biochemical function monitoring maximum oxygen uptake

基金项目:国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300602)

作者	单位
程媛媛	上海体育学院,上海 200438
罗坤	上海体育学院,上海 200438
李晓琳	哈尔滨体育学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150008
于新凯	上海体育学院,上海 200438

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中文摘要:

目的：对国家残疾人高山滑雪站姿组运动员在备战2022年北京冬残奥会期间进行身体机能监控与评价，分析运动员身体机能状态。方法：在2019—2020年训练备战期间，对残疾人高山滑雪国家队站姿组运动员进行了5次血液测试以及6次尿液测试，对运动员红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、白细胞(WBC)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)、血睾酮与皮质醇比值(T/C)、尿十项、最大摄氧量(VO_2max)等生理生化指标进行监控并分析。结果：运动员RBC、Hb、CK浓度组间不存在差异(P＞0.05)。男性运动员T浓度在组间存在差异(P＜0.05)，第3次T浓度显著低于其余4次(P＜0.05)；运动员C浓度以及男、女T/C均存在组间差异(P＜0.05)，运动员第4次C浓度显著低于其余4次(P＜0.05)；男性运动员第4次T/C显著高于其他4次(P＜0.05)；女性运动员第4次T/C显著高于第1、第3、第5次(P＜0.05)。尿十项检测中，所有运动员第5次尿蛋白(PRO)呈阳性，第6次测试中有个别运动员尿胆红素(BIL)、尿胆原(URO)呈阳性。运动员VO_2max水平正常，个体间差异较大。结论：国家残疾人高山滑雪站姿组运动员在备战期氧运输功能良好，有氧耐力功能良好；血清T、C以及T/C等指标在训练的不同阶段出现适应性变化，随着训练的进行，运动员的机能状态出现上升的现象。

英文摘要:

This paper aims to analyze the physical function status of the national disabled alpine skiing stance athletes during the preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympics by monitoring and evaluating their physical function. The physiological and biochemical indicators of athletes are monitored and analyzed by five blood tests and six urine tests during the 2019-2020 training period. The physiological indicators include the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), creatine kinase (CK), blood testosterone (T) and cortex. The biochemical indicators include cortisol (C), blood testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C), urine ten items, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO_2max). The results show that there is no difference in the concentration of athletes' RBC, Hb, CK between the groups (P＞0.05) while the T concentration of male athletes between the groups is different(P＜0.05). The third T concentration is significantly lower than the other four (P＜0.05). At the same time, there are differences between the athletes' C concentration and T/C (P＜0.05). The athlete's fourth C concentration is significantly lower than the other four (P＜0.05). The fourth T/C of male athletes is significantly higher than the other four (P＜0.05). The fourth T/C of female athletes is significantly higher than the 1st, 3rd, and 5th times (P＜0.05). In the urine ten items test, all athletes test positive on urine protein during the fifth time. In the sixth test, some athletes test positive on urine bilirubin and urobilinogen. Athletes' VO_2max are normal, and there are great differences between individuals. In conclusion, the athletes have good oxygen transport functions and good aerobic endurance functions during the preparation period. The serum T, C, and T/C indicators change adaptively at different stages of training while the athlete's functional status appears to rise as the training progresses.

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