我国职业足球运动员比赛结束时段跑动能力是否下降?——考虑比赛中断因素的影响

Does the Running Performance of the Chinese Professional Soccer Players Decline at the End of the Game Considering the Effects of Interruptions?

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022041801

中文关键词:足球职业运动员跑动表现比赛结束时段比赛中断时间

英文关键词:soccer professional players running performance end of the game game interruption time

基金项目:广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目(2021WQNCX055)；广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目(GD21YTY05)

作者	单位
房作铭	广东第二师范学院体育学院,广东广州 510303

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中文摘要:

目的：考虑比赛中断因素影响的情况下，探讨我国职业足球运动员比赛结束时段跑动能力是否下降。方法：基于STATS Pro R计算机视频跟踪系统采集的275名职业足球运动员3 438组比赛跑动数据，围绕足球比赛间歇性特征，同时考虑中断时间动态特征和比分差距大小对跑动表现的影响。运用数据级数推断分别界定我国职业足球运动员半场结束时段和比赛结束时段的跑动能力是否下降。研究发现：(1)相较比赛开始阶段，比赛结束时段的中断时间呈现清晰的增加，比分均衡比赛结束时段的中断时间增加更为明显；(2)我国职业足球运动员比赛结束时段总跑动距离呈现清晰的下降(ES=0.31~0.56)，但该下降以中、低速跑动距离为主，所有位置运动员冲刺跑动距离均只出现微小无意义变化(ES=0.14~0.08)；(3)上半场中、低速跑动距离下降程度大于下半场，高强度跑动距离的下降程度小于下半场；(4)比赛结束时段跑动表现变化的位置特征表现为，中后场运动员高强度跑动距离未发生有意义变化，前场运动员高速跑动距离则呈现清晰的减少(ES=0.25~0.37)。结果表明：考虑比赛中断因素影响后，我国职业足球运动员比赛结束时段高强度跑动距离总体未呈现下降趋势；中后场运动员高速跑动距离和冲刺跑动距离均只出现了微小无意义变化，而前场运动员的高速跑动距离则呈现清晰的减少。

英文摘要:

Purpose: Considering the influence of the interruption, to explore whether the running ability of Chinese professional soccer players decreases during the end of the game. Method: Based on 3438 sets of running data of 275 Professional soccer players collected by the STATS Pro^? computer video tracking system, this study focuses on the intermittent nature of soccer matches while considering the impact of the variations of game interruptions and the score margin on running performance. The study uses magnitude-based inferences to infer whether the running ability of the players at the end of the half-time and the end of the game decreases. (1) There was a clear increase in the interruption time at the end of the game compared to the beginning of the game, with a more pronounced increase in the interruption time at the end of the balanced game. (2) The total running distance of the players during the end of the game showed a significant decrease (ES=0.31~0.56). Still, the low-medium speed running distances were the main ones, and the sprint distance of the players in all positions did not show a significant change. (3) In the first half, the decrease in the medium and low-speed running distance was more significant than in the second half, and the decrease in high-intensity running distance was more significant in the second half than in the first half. (4) The positional characteristics of the changes in running performance at the end of the game showed explicitly that the high intensity running distance of the middle and backcourt athletes had trivial change. In contrast, the high-speed running distance of the frontcourt athletes showed an apparent reduction (ES= 0.25~0.37). Research conclusion: After considering the game interruptions, the HIR distance of the players at the end of the game did not decrease overall. The positional characteristics of HIR distance showed trivial changes in the high-speed running distance and sprint distance of the midfielder and backcourt athletes, while the high-speed running distance of the frontcourt athletes showed an apparent reduction.

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