基于先验信息条件下足球守门员的知觉预测研究

Research on Perceptual Prediction of Football Goalkeeper Based on Prior Information

投稿时间：2022-09-07

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2022090702

英文关键词:priori information perceptual prediction different preferences football goalkeeper

基金项目:湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究重大项目（19ZD009）

作者	单位
郑轩	湖北大学，湖北武汉 430062
黄志剑	湖北大学，湖北武汉 430062
康江辉	武汉体育学院，湖北武汉 430079
易念	湖北大学，湖北武汉 430062
宋良元	湖北大学，湖北武汉 430062

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中文摘要:

目的：研究守门员基于先验信息下的知觉预测能力，探索当守门员处于射门方向（实际方向）与对手点球偏好（概率方向）一致或不一致的情境下，对表现有效性和加工效率的影响。方法：通过网络平台招募专业足球守门员（专业组）和业余足球守门员（业余组）各16名，共计32名被试。使用E-prime 3.0进行守门员点球方向判断实验，记录被试知觉预测的正确率和反应时。结果：基于先验信息进行知觉预测时，专业组守门员的知觉预测正确率显著高于业余组守门员。不同组别的反应时具有显著性差异，具体表现为在偏好一致（或不一致）的情况下，专业组的反应时都高于业余组。不同偏好条件下的正确率具有显著性差异，其中专业组被试在偏好不同的情况下具有显著性差异，业余组则无显著性差异。结论：与业余守门员相比，专业守门员在基于先验信息进行知觉预测时能更加准确地预判罚点球运动员的射门方向，即在知觉预测上存在专家优势。

英文摘要:

Objective: To study the goalkeeper's perceptual prediction ability based on prior information, and to explore the influence on performance effectiveness and processing efficiency when the goalkeeper is in the situation where the shooting direction (actual direction) is consistent or inconsistent with the opponent's penalty kick preference (probability direction). Methods: Through the network platform, we recruited professional football goalkeepers (expert group) and amateur football goalkeepers (novice group) 16 each, a total of 32 subjects. The experiment of judging the direction of the goalkeeper's penalty kick was carried out by using E-prime 3.0 software, and the correct rate and reaction time of perceptual prediction were recorded. Results: when making perceptual prediction based on prior information, the correct rate of perceptual prediction of expert group goalkeepers was significantly higher than that of novice goalkeepers. There were significant differences in reaction time among different groups, which showed that when the preference was consistent (or inconsistent), the reaction time of the expert group was higher than that of the novice group. There was significant difference in the correct rate under different preference conditions, among which there was significant difference in expert group, but there was no significant difference in novice group. Conclusion: compared with novice goalkeepers, expert goalkeepers can predict the shooting direction of penalty kickers more accurately when making perceptual prediction based on prior information, that is, there is an expert advantage in perceptual prediction.

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