大众跑者跑步相关损伤危险因素的前瞻性研究

A Prospective Study on Risk Factors for Running-Related Injuries in Recreational Runners

投稿时间：2023-10-23

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2023102301

英文关键词:running-related injuries lower limb joints risk factors prevention

基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2020YFC2007002）

作者	单位
李瑞杰	南京体育学院，江苏南京 210014
魏心怡	南京体育学院，江苏南京 210014 ；华东师范大学，上海 200062
戴剑松	南京体育学院，江苏南京 210014
赵彦	南京体育学院，江苏南京 210014
周志鹏	山东体育学院，山东济南 250102
杨辰	南京体育学院，江苏南京 210014

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中文摘要:

目的：通过前瞻性研究调查大众跑者跑步相关损伤（RRI）的危险因素，为RRI的预防和治疗提供理论依据。方法：采集95名健康大众跑者的生理和跑步训练等基本信息、人体测量学因素、身体能力因素和跑步生物力学因素，随后进行4个月的跟踪随访，依据观察期内的损伤情况将受试者分为损伤组和健康组。通过卡方检验或独立样本t检验确认两组间基线指标的差异，将有统计学意义（P＜0.05）的变量纳入Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果：36名跑者在观察期内报告了46例RRI，损伤发生率为38%，其中膝关节损伤最为常见（26.7%）；与健康组相比，损伤组存在较小的静态Q角（健康组7.42°±6.90°，损伤组11.03°±10.17°，P=0.042）、跑步着地时刻躯干前倾角（健康组94.24°±4.52°，损伤组91.89°±4.55°，P=0.016）和小腿地面夹角（健康组100.94°±3.44°，损伤组99.41°±3.33°，P=0.037），以及更大的跑步离地时刻小腿地面夹角（健康组53.23°±3.19°，损伤组54.70°±3.09°，P=0.031）；Logistic回归分析显示跑步着地时刻小腿地面夹角减小（OR=0.853，P=0.039）和离地时刻小腿地面夹角增大（OR=1.222，P=0.014）可能增加RRI的损伤发生风险。结论：①在大众跑者中，RRI发生率较高，损伤部位以下肢膝、踝关节和足部为主。跑步着地时刻和离地时刻小腿更加垂直于地面可能是导致大众跑者RRI损伤风险增加的潜在因素；②静态Q角和跑步着地时刻躯干前倾角度在损伤组和健康组之间存在差异，但未发现其与损伤风险之间的关系，因此可能不是导致大众跑者RRI风险增加的潜在因素。

英文摘要:

Purpose: This prospective study aims to investigate the risk factors for Running-Related Injuries (RRI) in recreational runners, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of RRI in this population. Methods: Baseline assessments, including questionnaire surveys, anthropometric evaluations, physical fitness tests, and running biomechanical assessments, were conducted on 95 healthy recreational runners. Subsequently, a 4-month observation period was implemented to collect injury information. At the end of the observation period, participants were categorized into injury and healthy groups based on their injury status. Independent sample t-test or chi-square test was used to confirm differences in baseline indicators between the two groups. Variables with statistical significance (P＜0.05) were included in a Logistic regression model for analysis. Results: 46 cases of RRI were reported by 36 runners during the observation period, resulting in an injury incidence rate of 38%.The highest incidence of injuries was observed in the knee joint (26.7%).In comparison to the healthy group, the injury group exhibits smaller static Q angle (healthy group: 7.42°±6.90°, injury group: 11.03°±10.17°, P=0.042), trunk forward lean angle at foot-strike (healthy group: 94.24°±4.52°, injury group: 91.89°±4.55°, P=0.016)and shin-ground angle at foot-strike (healthy group: 100.94°±3.44°, injury group: 99.41°±3.33°, P=0.037),and a larger shin-ground angle at toe-off (healthy group: 53.23°±3.19,° injury group: 54.70°±3.09°, P=0.031). Logistic regression analysis indicates that a decrease in the shin-ground angle at foot-strike (OR=0.852, P=0.039) and an increase in the shin-ground angle at toe-off (OR=1.222, P=0.014) may potentially elevate the risk of RRI. Conclusions: (1) In recreational runners, the incidence of RRI is higher, with the lower limbs, specifically the knees, ankles, and feet, being the primary sites of damage. The potential factor leading to an increased risk of RRI in recreational runners may be the moments of foot-strike and toe-off, with the shin-ground angle being more vertical to the ground during running; (2) Static Q-angle and trunk forward lean angle at the moment of foot strike differ between the injury and healthy groups, but no relationship with injury risk was found. Therefore, they may not be potential factors contributing to the increased risk of RRI in recreational runners.

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