低氧暴露与减控体重效果的元分析

Effects of Hypoxia Exposure on Weight Loss: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis

投稿时间：2023-08-22

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2023082201

英文关键词:hypoxic exposure body weight body fat fat-free body mass

基金项目:

作者	单位
王盼	武汉生物工程学院体育学院，湖北武汉 430415
赵华	华中师范大学体育学院，湖北武汉 430079

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中文摘要:

目的：评价低氧暴露对减控体重的影响效果，提供最优的减控体重方案。方法：在数据库中检索建库至2023年10月的所有文献，使用偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入文献质量。使用Stata14.0进行异质性检验、效应量合并、敏感性分析以及发表偏倚检验。结果：共纳入49篇RCT文献，1 392名被试者；相对于常氧暴露，低氧暴露对减轻体重（SMD=-0.18，95%CI[-0.29,-0.07]，P＜0.01）、降低体脂肪（SMD=-0.23，95%CI[-0.35,-0.18]，P＜0.01）的优势明显。相对于常氧暴露，低氧暴露对去脂体重（SMD=-0.05，95%CI[-0.22,0.13]，P＞0.05）、肌肉质量（SMD=0.01，95%CI[-0.20,0.21]，P＞0.05）、身体水分（SMD=-0.12，95%CI[-0.48,0.23]，P＞0.05）的改善无明显效果。调节变量结果：低氧暴露对成年群体的体重减轻（SMD=-0.21，95%CI[-0.35,-0.08]，P＜0.01）、体脂肪降低（SMD=-0.28，95%CI[-0.42,-0.13]，P＜0.01）具有显著效果。低氧暴露对男性和女性的体重减轻、体脂肪降低均具有显著效果。低氧环境下，不控制饮食对体重减轻（SMD=-0.23，95%CI[-0.37,-0.09]，P＜0.01）、体脂肪降低（SMD=-0.33，95%CI[-0.49,-0.18]，P＜0.01）的效果明显；控制饮食和未控制饮食对去脂体重、肌肉质量、身体水分的影响无明显差异（P＞0.05）。低氧环境下，与消极暴露相比，积极暴露时体重减轻（SMD=-0.19，95%CI [-0.31,-0.07]，P＜0.01）、体脂肪降低（SMD=-0.26，95%CI[-0.38,-0.14]，P＜0.01）的效果明显；消极暴露和积极暴露对去脂体重、肌肉质量、身体水分的影响无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：与常氧暴露相比，低氧暴露对减体重和降体脂具有明显优势；低氧暴露对成年男性和成年女性的体重具有明显改善效果，也有效改善成年男性的体脂率；低氧暴露期间，暴露方式和饮食干预影响减控体重的效果，积极低氧暴露、自由饮食对体重和体脂肪的改善效果明显。

英文摘要:

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hypoxia exposure on weight reduction, and provide the optimal weight reduction program. Methods: All literature from the establishment of the database to October 2023 were searched and the quality of included literature was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool. The heterogeneity, effect size combination, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were evaluated by Stata14.0. Results: A total of 49 RCT articles were included with 1392 subjects in this study. Compared with hypoxia exposure, hypoxic exposure had significant effects on weight loss (SMD=-0.18, 95%CI[-0.29, -0.07]; P＜0.01), body fat reduction (SMD=-0.23, 95%CI[-0.35, -0.18]; P＜0.01). Compared with hypoxia exposure, hypoxic exposure had no significant effects on lean body mass (SMD=-0.05, 95%CI[-0.22, 0.13]; P＞0.05), muscle mass (SMD=0.01, 95%CI[-0.20, 0.21]; P＞0.05), body water (SMD=-0.12, 95%CI[-0.48, 0.23]; P＞0.05). Results of regulatory variables:hypoxia exposure has a significant effect on weight loss (SMD=-0.21, 95%CI[-0.35, -0.08]; P＜0.01) and body fat reduction (SMD=-0.28, 95%CI[-0.42, -0.13]; P＜0.01) in adult populations. Hypoxiaexposure has a significant effect on weight loss and body fat reduction in both men and women, with no gender differences. In the hypoxic environment, with no dietary control, weight loss (SMD=-0.23, 95%CI[-0.37, -0.09]; P＜0.01) and body fat (SMD=-0.33, 95%CI[-0.49, -0.18]; P＜0.01) had the most obvious effect; there was no significant difference in the changes of fat-free body mass, muscle mass, and body water between the controlled diet and the uncontrolled diet, P＞0.05. In the hypoxic environment, compared with the negative exposure, the effect on body weight loss (SMD=-0.19, 95%CI[-0.31, -0.07]; P＜0.01) and body fat reduction (SMD=-0.26, 95%CI[-0.38, -0.14]; P＜0.01) were obvious in the active exposure; there were no significant differences in changes in fat-free body mass, muscle mass, and body water between negative and active exposures, P＞0.05. Conclusion: In comparison with normoxic exposure, hypoxic exposure has obvious advantages in reducing weight and body fat. Hypoxia exposure has a significant improvement effect on the body weight of adult men and women, and also effectively improves the body fat rate of adult men. During hypoxia exposure, exposure-pattern and dietary-intervention influence the effect of weight loss. Active hypoxia exposure and free-diet have obvious effects on improving body weight and body fat.

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