场地短距离自行车不同专项爆发力训练方法比较

Comparative Study on the Different Specific Explosive Strength Training Methods for Track Sprint Cycling

投稿时间：2024-06-26

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024062602

英文关键词:track sprint cycling specific explosive strength training methods

基金项目:上海市体育科技项目资助（20J003）

作者	单位
胡珂	上海市竞技体育训练管理中心，上海 202173
陆星辰	上海体育科学研究所（上海市反兴奋剂中心），上海 200030
梁效忠	上海市竞技体育训练管理中心，上海 202173
马国强	上海体育科学研究所（上海市反兴奋剂中心），上海 200030

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中文摘要:

目的：在东京奥运会赛前备战期间，针对场地自行车短距离项目采用的不同专项爆发力训练方法开展运动学和动力学变化特征的比较研究，为筛选更具针对性的训练方法提供科学依据。方法：以场地自行车国家队男子短组2名运动员为对象。专项安静爆发力训练选择男子重点队员周某的训赛数据，比较比赛中原地起动250 m骑行与场地大齿轮比追击摩托、Wattbike Pro功率车（英国）静止离座起动、Cyclus 2练习台等动模式静止离座起动15 s 3项训练间差异；高速行进间爆发力训练选择男子重点队员徐某的训赛数据，比较了争先赛资格赛大坡俯冲200 m骑行与场地车大齿轮比摩托全程牵引、Wattbike Pro功率车大负荷行进间离座起动、场地车大齿轮比公路行进间冲坡10 s 3项训练间差异。采用SRM场地版无线功率测量计（德国）和Wattbike Pro功率车分别采集运动员场地、公路自行车，功率车训赛中的运动学参数。结果：①周某完成场地追击摩托训练（GR=3.93）中F_max和F_avr与比赛（GR=3.64）相比分别高5.5%和5.1%（P＜0.05），3个5 s分段平均踏蹬力中F_avr-1st5s和F_avr-3rd5s分别较比赛显著高5.6%和8.0%（P＜0.05）；②徐某完成Wattbike功率车大负荷（M7A10）行进间10 s骑行的F_max和F_avr与比赛（GR=4.50）相比分别高12.2%和19.2%（P＜0.05），且两个5 s分段平均踏蹬力F_avr-1st5s和F_avr-2nd5s也分别较比赛高8.0%和35.6%（P＜0.05），踏蹬力下降率（FD）与比赛相比低54.2%（P＜0.05）。结论：大齿轮比的场地摩托拉开牵引静止出发15 s最大强度冲刺骑行是专项安静爆发力的有效训练方法；功率车大负荷等速方式行进间出发10 s最大强度冲刺骑行则在提高专项高速行进间爆发力方面更具针对性。

英文摘要:

Objective: To compare the changes of kinematics and dynamics features between the different specific explosive strength training methods for track sprint cycling during the preparation of Tokyo Olympic Games, so as to to provide a scientific basis for choosing more targeted training methods. Methods: Two male track sprint cyclists of Chinese national teams were selected. The static explosive strength data of ZHOU was collected to compare the differences between the standing start 250 m riding in race and in three different 15 seconds training, including track training with big gear ratio (GR) by chasing motorbike，Wattbike pro ergometer training by resistance of M1 and A10 and Cyclus 2 isokinetic training with track bicycle. The high speed-flying explosive strength data of XU was collected to compare the differences between the flying start 200 m riding in sprint Qualifying and in three different 10 seconds training, including track training with big GR by motobike full-course traction, Wattbike pro ergometer training by resistance of M7 and A10 and climbing up hill training with big GR by track bike. All data was collected by SRM powermeter and Wattbike pro ergometer. Results: ① ZHOU's Fmax and Favr of 15 s standing start track training (GR=3.93) by chasing motorbike were higher than 250 m track race (GR=3.64) by 5.5%和5.1% (P＜0.05) respectively. F_avr-1st5sand F_avr-3rd5samong three 5s-subsections were also higher by 5.6% and 8.0% (P＜0.05) respectively. ② XU's F_max and F_avr of 10 s flying start riding on Wattbike by resistance of M7 and A10 were higher than 200 m sprint qualifying (GR=4.50) by 12.2% and 19.2% (P＜0.05) respectively. F_avr-1st5s and F_avr-2nd5s were also higher by 8.0% and 35.6% (P＜0.05) respectively. FD was lower than race by 54.2% (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Fifteen seconds all-out standing-start track riding with big gear ratio by chasing motorbike is an effective training method of specific static explosive strength. Ten seconds all-out flying-start isokinetic training on ergometer with big resistance is more targeted in improving specific highspeed-flying explosive strength.

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