不同运动水平和性别游泳运动员功能动作筛查得分比较

Comparison on the Scores of Functional Movement Screening of Swimmers of Different Genders and Competitive Levels

投稿时间：2024-04-12

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024041201

英文关键词:functional movement screening swimmer symmetry quality of movement

基金项目:上海市科委重大基础项目（16JC140050）

作者	单位
檀志宗	上海体育科学研究所（上海市反兴奋剂中心），上海 200030

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中文摘要:

目的：采用功能动作筛查（FMS）评分方法对比分析不同竞技水平和性别游泳运动员的功能动作质量和均衡性。方法：以161名游泳运动员为研究对象，按竞技水平分为优秀组（n=60）和一般组（n=101），进行FMS测试并采集数据。结果：①两组运动员之间和组内男女运动员之间，FMS总分无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；②优秀组与一般组比较，分别在肩部灵活性、主动直腿抬高（P＜0.05）和旋转稳定性（P＜0.01）3项得分上存在显著性差异；③优秀组在线性弓步、主动直腿抬高（P＜0.05）和躯干稳定俯卧撑（P＜0.01）3项得分上存在明显的性别差异；④一般组在深蹲、线性弓步和主动直腿抬高3项得分上存在明显的性别差异（P＜0.05）；⑤在功能动作质量方面，优秀组与一般组相比，分别在深蹲、躯干稳定俯卧撑（P＜0.05）和旋转稳定性（P＜0.01）3项动作质量上存在显著性差异；⑥在功能动作均衡性方面，优秀组两侧不均衡性主要表现在线性弓步和跨栏步，分别占31.67%和30%；而一般组两侧不均衡性最明显的是肩部灵活性，占比31.68%。结论：FMS总分未能反映游泳运动员的竞技水平和性别差异。优秀游泳运动员有较好的肩部灵活性和均衡性，其中男运动员核心稳定性和力量优于女运动员；一般游泳运动员有较好的核心稳定性和腘绳肌柔韧性，其中男运动员深蹲能力优于女运动员。与男运动员相比，两组女运动员均表现出较好的腘绳肌柔韧性。

英文摘要:

Objective: Functional movement screening (FMS) scoring method was adopted to compare and analyze the quality and symmetry of Functional movements of swimmers of different competitive levels and genders. Methods: Subjects included 161 swimming players. According to the competitive level, they were divided into the excellent group (n=60) and the general group (n=101) for FMS test and data collection. Results: ①There was no significant difference in composite FMS scores between the two groups and different gender athletes(P＞0.05). ②There were significant differences in the scores of shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise(P＜0.05) and rotational stability between the excellent group and the general group(P＜0.01). ③In the excellent group, there were significant gender differences in the scores of inline lunge, active straight leg raise(P＜0.05) and trunk stability push-up(P＜0.01). ④In the general group, there were significant gender differences in the scores of deep squat, inline lunge and active straight leg raise(P＜0.05). ⑤In terms of the quality of functional movements, there were significant differences in the quality of deep squat, trunk stability push-up(P＜0.05) and rotation stability respectively between the two groups(P＜0.01). ⑥In terms of functional symmetry, the asymmetry of the excellent group was mainly manifested in inline lunge and hurdle step, accounting for 31.67% and 30% respectively. while the asymmetry of the general group was most obvious in shoulder mobility，Accounting for 31.68%. Conclusion: Composite FMS scores did not reflect a swimmer's competitive level and gender differences. Elite swimmers had better shoulder flexibility and symmetry, and the male athletes core stability and strength was better than female athletes. Ordinary athletes had better core stability and hamstring flexibility, and male athletes had better squat ability than female athletes. Women of both groups showed better hamstring flexibility than their male counterparts.

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