系统运动训练对青少年人格发展的影响:一项来自射击项目的3年纵向跟踪研究

The Effect of Systematic Sport Training on Adolescents' Personality Development: A 3-year Longitudinal Follow-up Study from Shooting Sports

投稿时间：2024-02-28

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024022801

中文关键词:人格系统运动训练射击纵向研究青少年

英文关键词:personality systematical sport training shooting longitudinal study adolescents

基金项目:

作者	单位
黄志剑	湖北大学体育学院，湖北武汉 430062
何施	湖北商贸学院，湖北武汉 430079
孟勤	湖北省射击运动管理中心，湖北武汉 430205
童欣	湖北省射击运动管理中心，湖北武汉 430205
郑轩	湖北大学体育学院，湖北武汉 430062

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中文摘要:

目的：考察3年时间前后长期系统参与射击项目训练比赛的青少年人格发展变化情况，以探讨内外部因素对人格发展的影响。方法：采用NEO-FFI五因素人格问卷中文版于2019年8月对120名参加省级射击比赛的青少年运动员进行测试，并于2022年进行第二次测试，共获得46份有效样本，参与者总体保留率为38.3%。对2次调查的数据进行以重复测量方差分析为主的统计分析。结果：时间（前/后）×射击训练（是/否）的重复测量方差分析结果显示，时间因素在外向性、开放性和尽责性等人格因素得分上的变化主效应显著；射击训练因素主效应不显著；时间和射击训练的交互作用在尽责性因素得分上显著。结论：①与系统射击训练相比，时间所代表的主体内部（遗传）因素对人格发展变化的影响更为显著。②坚持从事射击训练的青少年与未坚持训练的同龄人相比，在3年间的人格变化幅度更小，说明系统的运动训练对于人格发展与变化而言是一种稳定性因素。今后研究应增加样本量和时间跨度，并将更多不同类型的运动项目纳入考察的范围。

英文摘要:

Objective: To investigate the personality development changes of adolescents who systematically participated in shooting training and competitions for about 3 years, so as to explore the influence of internal and external factors on personality development. Methods: A total of 46 valid samples were obtained by using a Chinese version of the NEO-FFI Personality Questionnaire among 120 young athlete in August 2019 and a second test in 2022, with an overall retention rate of 38.3%. The data of the two surveys were analyzed statistically based on repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results of repeated-measure ANOVA of time (before/after) * shooting training (yes/no) showed that the main effects of time on personality factors such as extraversion, openness and conscientiousness were significant. The main effects of shooting training were not significant; The interaction between time and shooting training was significant on the conscientiousness factor score. Conclusions and perspectives: ① Compared with systematic shooting training, the internal (genetic) factors represented by time have a more significant influence on personality development and changes. ② Compared with their peers who did not persist in training, the personality change of adolescents who persisted in shooting training was smaller in 3 years, indicating that systematic sports training is a stable factor for personality development and change. Future studies should increase sample size and time span, and include more different types of exercise.

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