| The 2021 version of the WADC introduces the concept of protected persons, which imposes lighter sanctions on them. Analysing the Valieva case, it is clear that prior to the 2027 edition of WADC, the effectiveness of the existing rules is limited, that it is difficult for minors to benefit from the special provisions on burden of proof and sanctions, and that non-mandatory public disclosure of information about their violations is difficult to ensure. Balancing the requirements of a fair and clean event with the interests of the special subject of minors, improving the protection of minors in doping control can start from the following aspects. Firstly, follow the underlying logic of minors' rights protection, ensure that the principle of the best interests of the child and the principle of proportionality are applied in 'legislation' and 'justice', and at the same time, pay attention to anti-doping education, so as to play a preventive and corrective role in doping violations; Secondly, to reduce the burden of proving doping offences for minors, both in terms of reducing the burden of proving inadvertence and shifting the burden of proving subjective fault to anti-doping organisations; Thirdly, to increase the number of exemptions from mandatory Provisional Suspensions for minors; Fourthly, to guarantee the implementation of the rule of non-compulsory public disclosure of information on minors' doping violations. |
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