兴奋剂违规信息公开的合法性研究——对欧盟初步裁决案件的述评

A Study on the Legality of Disclosure of Doping Violations: A Commentary on an European Court of Justice Preliminary Ruling Case

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024072204

中文关键词:兴奋剂违规《通用数据保护条例》比例原则公开披露义务

英文关键词:doping violations General Data Protection Regulation proportionality principle public disclosure obligations

基金项目:

作者	单位
严佳馨	苏州大学王健法学院，江苏苏州 215006

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中文摘要:

2023年，针对一起欧盟初步裁决案，欧盟总法律顾问发表了法律意见书，认为奥地利反兴奋剂机构（NADA）在网站上公布违规运动员信息的做法符合欧盟《通用数据保护条例》。该意见依次分析了NADA处理的信息是否属于法定允许处理的信息，信息处理主体是否具备信息发布的主体资格，公开行为是否符合比例原则。此案件为反兴奋剂机构在违规信息公开前的自我审查提供了重要指导，强调了在权衡公共利益与运动员个人隐私权时须严格遵循比例原则。与此案件密切相关的2021年版《世界反兴奋剂条例》第14.3.5条需要修改，建议在规定最低公开披露义务的基础上赋予各国自主权。此外，此案件为我国在禁赛期结束后删除运动员违规信息以维护运动员合法权益提供了借鉴。

英文摘要:

In 2023, in an European Court of Justice preliminary ruling case, the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union issued a legal opinion holding that the Nationale Anti-Doping Agentur (NADA) had complied with the EU General Data Protection Regulation by publishing information about the offending athletes on its website. The opinion analyzed, in turn, whether the information processed by NADA complied with the law, whether the subject of the information processing had legal standing, and whether the act of disclosure complied with the principle of proportionality. This case provides important guidance for anti-doping agencies to review themselves prior to disclosure of information about an infringements, emphasizing the need to strictly follow the principle of proportionality when weighing the public interest against the individual athlete's right to privacy. Closely related to this case, Article 14.3.5 of the 2021 implementation version of the World Anti-Doping Code needs to be amended, with a proposal to give countries autonomy over and above the minimum public disclosure obligation. In addition, this case provides lessons for China in removing information about an athlete's violation after the period of ineligibility to protect the athlete's legitimate rights and interests.

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