基于成分分析法:大学生身体行为等时替代模型的建立及对体质健康的累积效用

Compositional Data Analysis-Based Isotemporal Substitution Modeling of College Students' Physical Behaviors and Cumulative Health Effects

投稿时间：2024-09-11

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024091101

中文关键词:大学生体质健康等时替代运动干预量效关系

英文关键词:college student physical health isochronous substitution exercise intervention quantity effect relationship

基金项目:国家社科基金教育科学规划课题（BLA220234）

作者	单位
袁浩南	天津仁爱学院体育系，天津 301636
张岩	天津圣智体育科技有限公司，天津 301600
齐玉刚	天津科技大学体育部，天津 300222

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中文摘要:

目的：通过建立等时替代模型，使用30 min进行不同行为之间的相互替代，探讨大学生身体行为与体质健康之间的关联性，建立运动干预方案验证等时替代模型的准确性。方法：在天津市某高校招募4个大一班级共计124名大学生，随机分为实验组（男性31人，女性31人）和对照组（男性31人，女性31人）。使用Actigraph GT3X加速度计测量所有受试者的身体活动与久坐行为（SB）；测量受试者的身高、体重、腰臀比、体脂率、肺活量、最大摄氧量（VO2max）、握力、立定跳远、1 min仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈；建立等时替代模型后以30 min进行身体行为的替代，分析替代效益；根据等时替代模型建立运动干预方案并验证等时替代模型的准确性。结果：男生的低强度身体活动（LPA）时间与中高强度身体活动（MVPA）时间显著高于女性（P＜0.05），男生的BMI、腰臀比、体脂率、肺活量、VO2max、握力、立定跳远均显著高于女生（P＜0.01）；女生的坐位体前屈显著高于男生（P＜0.01）；控制年龄、性别后，每天30 min的MVPA替代SB具有最大效益，BMI、体脂率显著降低（P＜0.05），握力、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈、肺活量、VO2max显著提高（P＜0.05）；MVPA替代LPA产生的效益大于LPA替代SB产生的效益；8周的运动干预后实验组的BMI、体脂率显著降低（P＜0.05），肺活量、握力、立定跳远、VO2max显著提高（P＜0.05）。结论：成功建立了大学生身体行为与体质健康关联关系的等时替代模型并进行了验证，发现：①在保持总的活动时间不变的情况下，使用30 min的MVPA替代SB将对大学生的体质健康产生明显改善作用；②运动干预产生的健康效益与等时替代模型预测结果基本一致；③改善大学生的BMI、体脂率与腰围需要进行饮食控制才能达到等时替代模型预测效果。

英文摘要:

This study developed an isochronous substitution model and used 30 minutes to explore the correlation between physical behavior and physical health of college students, and established a sports intervention plan to verify the accuracy of the isochronous substitution model. A total of 124 college students were recruited from four freshman classes at a university in Tianjin, and were randomly divided into an experimental group (31 males and 31 females) and a control group (31 males and 31 females). We measured the physical activity and sedentary behavior of all subjects using Actigraph GT3X and speedometer; measured the height, weight, waist to hip ratio, body fat percentage, lung capacity, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), grip strength, standing long jump, 1-minute sit ups, and sitting forward bending of the subjects; developed an isochronous substitution model and conducted a substitution analysis of physical behavior for 30 minutes to evaluate the substitution benefits; and established an exercise intervention plan based on the isochronous substitution model and verified the accuracy of the isochronous substitution model. The study revealed the following results: the LPA time and MVPA time of males were significantly higher than those of females (P＜0.05); the BMI, waist to hip ratio, body fat ratio, lung capacity, VO2max, grip strength, and standing long jump of males were significantly higher than those of females (P＜0.01); the forward bending of females sitting posture was significantly higher than that of males (P＜0.01); after controlling for age and gender, replacing SB with MVPA for 30 minutes per day had the greatest benefits, with a significant decrease in BMI and body fat percentage (P＜0.05), and a significant increase in grip strength, standing long jump, sit ups, forward bending, lung capacity, and VO2max (P＜0.05); the benefits generated by MVPA replacing LPA were greater than those generated by LPA replacing SB; after 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the BMI and body fat percentage of the experimental group significantly decreased (P＜0.05), while lung capacity, grip strength, standing long jump, and VO2max significantly increased (P＜0.05). This study successfully established an isochronous substitution model for the relationship between physical behavior and physical health of college students and verified it. This study found that: (1) while maintaining the total activity time unchanged, using 30 minutes of MVPA instead of SB will have a significant improvement effect on the physical health of college students; (2) The health benefits generated by exercise intervention are basically consistent with the predicted results of the isochronous replacement model; (3) Improving the BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference of college students requires dietary control to achieve the predictive effect of the isochronous replacement model.

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