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| 女子手球运动员月经周期和生理生化指标结合监控训练负荷 |
| Monitoring Training Load of Women Handball Players According to Their Menstrual Cycles and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes |
| Received:December 30, 2007 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:月经周期 生理生化指标 女子手球运动员 |
| 英文关键词:menstrual cycle physiological and biochemical indices women handball players |
| 基金项目:上海市体育局局管资助课题（04jt003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究目的为根据女运动员的生理周期和生理生化指标科学监控训练负荷。在小周期的疲劳和恢复的监控过程中，建立了运动员血清肌酸激酶（CK）、尿素氮（BU）、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞（WBC）、血色素(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)和免疫球蛋白的调整周、强度周、总平均值、个人最高均值和个人最低均值参考系。选择大强度负荷期和调整期中清晨定期测试血清睾酮和皮质醇，建立了运动员安静值和大强度负荷的均值；同时，通过3个月的基础体温检测，确定运动员月经周期的各个阶段。在监测过程中，得到运动员调整周、强度周CK和BU最高均值和最低均值；大负荷训练可使红细胞(RBC)、血色素(Hb)和红细胞压积(Hct) 明显下降，WBC、IgG、IgA水平有所下降,血清睾酮下降明显。从而得出结论：训练中应充分注意到女运动员体能的周期性变化特点，合理安排和调整运动量；运用机能监控多指标综合纵向研究，对运动员个体进行纵向结果比较，可以从不同角度来反映运动员机能状态和承受运动负荷的能力，从而科学地指导训练计划的制定，使其遵循机体机能的周期规律。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aims to monitor the training load according to female athletes' menstrual cycles and the physiological and biochemical indexes. In the course of monitoring fatigue and recovery during short training period, the reference system containing the personal indexes of CK, BU, RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct, the data of serum immunoglobulin in adjusting and intensive training weeks, total average value, personal maximum mean value and personal minimum mean value was established. Serum testosterone and cortisol were tested in the morning during the adjusting and intensive training periods so as to obtain the athletes' quiet value and the mean value under intensive load. At the same time, through basal temperature monitoring for 3 months, the different stages of the athletes' menstrual cycles were determined. In the monitoring process, the athletes' maximum value and minimum value of CK and BU in adjusting and intensive training weeks were obtained. It is discovered that the intensive training may result in significant decrease of RBC, Hb and Hct. WBC, IgG, IgA may reduce to some extent, while serum testosterone decreases obviously. Therefore, attention should be paid to female athletes' periodic changes of physical fitness. Different functional monitoring indices should be applied for longitudinal study of the athletes so as to reflect athletes' physical status and ability for intensive training from the different angles. Scientific training program should be worked out in order to follow the law of functional cycles. |
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