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| 运动操作过程中心理状态与大脑效率间关系的研究（综述） |
| Relationship between Mental State and Brain Effenciency in the Process of Movement Operation |
| Received:June 22, 2009 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:脑电 功率谱分析 事件相关电位 心理运动功效 运动操作 |
| 英文关键词:EEG power spectrum analysis event-related potential psychomotor efficiency movement operation |
| 基金项目:上海市体育局科技攻关课题（06JT004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目前国外研究者利用脑电功率谱和事件关联电位分析技术对运动操作过程中心理状态与大脑效率间关系进行了一系列的研究。研究结果表明：（1）与初学者相比，优秀射击运动员在准备击发期间全脑α波频段功率明显的增加。（2）优秀射击运动员在准备击发期间呈现出左侧颞区（T3）的激活程度低于右侧颞区域（T4），但在休息期间这种差异却没有出现。而初学者在准备击发期间，颞区α波频没有表现出这种大脑功能侧化现象。（3）脑波的变化模式与所执行的任务有关，它能表现出任务特点。（4）脑波活动模式可能是运动员长期训练的结果，并且具有个人的独特性。（5）有益于运动表现的脑波活动模式可以通过训练加以改善。并提出了“心理运动功效”（Psychomotor Efficiency）理论对以上结果加以解释和概括。该理论认为，运动技能的获得是一个适应性过程，训练的结果表现为减少或精化大脑皮层中的非运动过程，即与任务无关的过程被删减，使神经资源能更经济或有效地分配。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The researchers abroad have made a series of studies on the relationship between mental state and brain effenciency in the process of movement operation with EEG power spectrum and the technique of event-related potential analysis. The result shows the following:(1)Compared with the beginners, the whole-brain α wave band power of the elite shooters increases significantly in the ready-to-shoot period. (2)The activation degree of the left temple (T3) of the elite shooters is lower than the right temple (T4) during the ready-to-shoot period. This difference does not appear during breaks. The temporal α wave of the beginners at the ready-to-shoot stage does not show the same phenomenon of the brain functions. (3)EEG activity patterns correlates with the implementing tasks. It can display the characteristics of the tasks. (4)EEG activity patterns may be the result of athletes' long-term training and possess individual speciality. (5)The EEG activity patterns that are beneficial to movement can be improved by training.The Theory of Psychomotor Efficiency has been put forward to explain and sum up the above-mentioned results. According to the theory, the acquirement of exercise ability is a process of adaptation. The training shows the result of reducing or refining the non-movement process in cerebral cortex. Thus the process that has nothing to do with the task is deleted.The nerve resources can be distributed more economically and efficiently. |
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