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| 田径运动员过度疲劳评价体系建立的初步探讨 |
| Establishment of Overfatigue Evaluation System of Athletes |
| Received:December 24, 2009 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:田径 过度疲劳 评价体系 |
| 英文关键词:athletics overfatigue evaluation system |
| 基金项目:上海市科委科研计划项目重点课题（072712023） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过一些最简单、无创性的方法及时检测田径运动员的身体机能状况及对训练负荷的适应性，防止过度疲劳的发生是保证运动员训练质量提高的必要条件。本研究在冬训期间（室内田径锦标赛前2个月）对4名400 m健将级运动员进行系统地机能监控，监控指标包括尿去甲肾上腺素、简易问卷、脑电、定量负荷实验、肌肉力量测试，意在通过神经系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统、肌肉系统及心理的变化情况来综合评定运动员的机能状态，在平时训练过程中的监控尽量做到无创、简单，做到及时发现问题、及时反馈信息、及时提出建议及解决方案。研究结果表明：对于田径运动员：（1）去甲肾上腺素是一个很好的训练适应性监控指标，在恢复期去甲肾上腺素下降越多，说明运动员对前阶段的训练负荷适应越好，在随后的训练中可以提高训练负荷；反之，在恢复期去甲肾上腺素升高的越多，说明运动员对前阶段的训练负荷没有适应，在随后的训练中需要减少训练负荷，增加恢复；（2）简易问卷从神经系统、肌肉系统、心理状态等几方面来反应运动员的机能状态。其分值可以作为一较简单的指标用于运动员的日常疲劳监控。（3）尿去甲肾上腺素、简易问卷分值、脑电、定量负荷试验、肌肉力量测试结果的综合评定能较好地、全面地反映运动员的机能状态，防止过度疲劳的发生。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Some simple and non-invasive methods are applied to test the physical conditions of athletes and their adaptability to training load. It is necessary to prevent overfatigue in order to improve the training quality of athletes. The experiment took place during a winter training period (two months before the Indoor Athletics Championships). Four 400m elite runners were subject to systematic functional monitoring. The indices of the monitoring include urinary norepinephrine, simple questionnaire, EEG, quantitative load test and muscle strength test. The authors try to evaluate athletes' functional conditions comprehensively through the changes of nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, muscle system and psychology. The monitoring in daily training should be non-invasive and simple. The problems should be found out in time. The information should be fed back timely. And the suggestions should be put forward and solved as soon as possible. The result proves the following: 1. Urinary norepinephrine is a good monitoring index for training adaptation. The more decrease of norepinephrine in recovery period, the better of the athlete's adaptation to the training load in previous stage. So the training load might be increased in the following training. On the other hand, athlete is not adaptable to the previous training load if the norepinephrine increases obviously. Therefore the training load should be decreased in the following training and the recovery period should be prolonged. 2. The simple questionnaire reflects athlete's functional state from the aspects of nervous system, muscle system and psychological state. Its value can be used as a simple index for monitoring athlete's daily fatigue. 3. The comprehensive evaluation of urinary norepinephrine, simple questionnaire value, EEG, quantitative load test and muscle strength test may better reflect athlete's functional state all-sidedly and help prevent overfatigue. |
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