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| 我国优秀跆拳道运动员运动损伤的调查分析 |
| Investigation and analysis of the sports injuries of the elite Taekwondo athletes in China |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:跆拳道 优秀运动员 运动损伤 |
| 英文关键词:taekwondo elite athlete sports injury |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：探讨我国优秀跆拳道运动员比赛时的损伤发生规律，为预防和降低跆拳道运动损伤提供参考依据。方法：对参加2011年全国跆拳道冠军赛的237名运动员的损伤情况进行调查和分析。结果：我国优秀跆拳道运动员比赛时损伤总体发生率为13.1%，男显著高于女（P<0.01）；男子损伤发生部位依次为下肢、头部、脊椎和上肢，女子损伤部位集中在下肢和头部；男子最常见的损伤类型依次为扭伤、挫伤和撕裂伤；女子最常见的损伤类型为挫伤、扭伤和拉伤；损伤机制主要发生在受到对方腿击时，其次出现在出腿进攻时，男子更倾向于在被对手出腿击中的情况下发生损伤。结论：新规则实施后跆拳道运动员的损伤发生率减少，与下肢相比，运动员头部损伤比例增加，运动损伤类型较多，损伤机制多发生在运动员实施高难动作的对抗环节，进一步提高运动员运动素质、完善技术动作、加强对抗性格挡训练是防治损伤的重要环节。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the occurrence law of the injuries of the Chinese elite Taekwondo athletes in competition so as to prevent and reduce taekwondo injuries. Methods: A survey was made on the injuries of the 237 athletes participating in the National Taekwondo Championships 2011. Result: The total injury occurrence rate of the Chinese elite taekwondo athletes in competition is 13.1%. The rate of the male is significantly higher than that of the female (p < 0.01). The injury-prone parts of the male are lower extremities, head, vertebra and upper extremities. The injury-prone parts of the female are usually lower extremities and head. The common injuries of the male are sprain, bruise and laceration. The common injuries of the female are bruise, sprain and strain. Injury mechanism occurs when the athlete is hit by the leg of the opponent and it also occurs when the athlete is attacking with his leg. The male athlete is prone to be injured when he is hit by the opponent’s leg. Conclusion: The injury rate of the Taekwondo athlete is decreasing after the implementation of the new rule. Compared to the lower limbs, the injury rate of the athlete’s head is increasing. There are quite a few kinds of injuries. Injury mechanism often occurs at the antagonistic stage of applying highly difficult movements. In order to prevent injury, it is of vital importance to further improve athlete’s physical fitness, perfect the technical movements and strengthen the training of full-contact practice. |
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