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| 英国竞技体育后备人才培养机制 |
| Training Mechanism of the Reserve Talents of Competitive Sports in Britain |
| Received:April 23, 2016 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:英国 竞技体育 后备人才 培养机制 |
| 英文关键词:Britain competitive sports reserve talent cultivation mechanism |
| 基金项目:上海市体育局决策咨询研究项目（TYJC-1528） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 主要运用文献资料法，对英国竞技体育后备人才培养机制进行研究，从英国竞技体育后备人才管理机制、培养机制以及后备人才保障机制三个方面进行阐述。现阶段英国政府的竞技体育后备人才管理机制主要为以英国运动理事会和英格兰运动理事会为主导，各单项协会、学校以及俱乐部等共同管理。竞技体育后备人才培养主要有学校化和社会化两种模式，呈金字塔形，逐级向上输送。在后备人才保障机制中，资金来源主要有政府、彩票基金以及社会赞助；教练员的培养主要有《训练指导认证计划》（UKCC）职业教练员认证计划的保障；在培养精英运动员的过程中，与训练相平衡的文化教育以及完善的职业规划体系为高水平运动员的职业生涯提供了指导性的保障。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper mainly uses the literature method to study the cultivation mechanism of the reserve talents of competitive sports in UK and elaborates on the three aspects of the management mechanism, cultivation mechanism and security mechanism of the competitive sports reserve talents in Britain. The management system in UK at present is mainly conducted by the British Sport Council and the England Sport Council, with the joint efforts of the different sport associations, schools and clubs. The cultivation of the reserve talents depends on schools and society, which is shaped like a pyramid. The talents are selected from a lower level to higher levels. As to the security mechanism, the funds come from the government, lottery funds and social sponsorship. The program of UKCC guarantees the training of the coaches. And in the course of cultivating elite athletes, the balanced cultural education and training and the perfect career planning system provide the instructive security to the professional career of elite athletes. |
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