| Proprioception is very important in sport, but the previous studies did not pay enough attention to unconscious proprioception. The paper sums up comprehensively the neural mechanism, function, evaluation methods, influence factors and training methods of conscious and unconscious proprioception. First, there is a difference between conscious proprioception and unconscious proprioception in central mechanism and the perception and response to stimulus. Secondly, the paper summarizes some classical evaluation methods for proprioception, i.e., sensory threshold measurement, joint angle reconstruction, power matching test, visual model test, active movement differentiation test, balance ability test and somatosensory evoked potential measurement. The last two methods can be used in evaluating unconscious proprioception. Thirdly, it lists the factors of age, injury and fatigue, exercise experience, which can affect proprioceptive sensitivity. In conclusion, active training, passive training and proprioceptive stimulation training can improve conscious proprioception. And proprioceptive neuromuscular promotion and perturbation training can improve unconscious proprioception. More studies are expected on proprioception, especially the researches on the proprioception of the elite athletes. |
