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| 力量训练提升马拉松跑者耐力运动表现的研究进展及训练策略 |
| A Review on Strength Training to Improve Endurance Performance of Marathoners and Training Strategies for Optimum Performance |
| Received:June 26, 2019 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:力量训练 耐力运动表现 最大摄氧量 乳酸阈 跑步经济性 |
| 英文关键词:strength training endurance performance maximal oxygen uptake lactate threshold running economy |
| 基金项目:上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目（17080503300） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 有氧能力的高低是马拉松跑者能否取得优异成绩的关键。最大摄氧量、乳酸阈和跑步经济性是衡量运动员有氧能力和耐力运动表现的关键指标，也是长跑训练效果的核心考量。由于力量和耐力训练对机体产生不同的训练刺激，教练员和运动员很少将力量训练作为提升耐力运动表现的手段，以防止有氧能力受到负面影响。通过对大量文献梳理发现，力量训练可以在不影响机体最大摄氧量和乳酸阈值的前提下，通过改善神经肌肉功能、转换肌纤维类型以及增强肌肉肌腱刚度和利用弹性势能的能力，提高跑步经济性和无氧能力，改善运动员耐力运动表现。本文基于对力量、耐力训练的生理学适应的探讨，总结不同形式力量训练对耐力运动表现的影响与作用机制，并为马拉松选手科学安排力量训练提出建议，从而优化其耐力运动表现。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Aerobic capacity is the cornerstone of excellent performance in marathon running. Maximum oxygen uptake, lactate threshold and running economy are critical physiological determinants of athletes' aerobic performance and also are the priorities of long-distance training. Since strength and endurance training exert distinct stimulus on individuals, coaches and athletes rarely use strength training as a means of improving endurance performance in case the aerobic capacity is adversely affected. Through reviewing a large number of literature, the study found that strength training could improve the running economy and anaerobic capacity and thus enhance endurance performance of the runners by improving neuromuscular function, transforming muscle fiber types, and increasing muscle-tendon stiffness and the ability to use elastic potential energy, without impairing maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold. Based on the physiological adaptation of strength and endurance training, the study summarizes the effect and mechanism of various strength training on the endurance performance and offers suggestions for marathoners to plan strength training scientifically so as to optimize the endurance performance. |
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