高温高湿环境与蛋白质补充对运动员能量代谢的影响

Effects of High Temperature and Humidity Environment and Protein Supplement on Energy Metabolism of Athletes

Received:July 02, 2024

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024070201

英文关键词:high temperature and humidity environment protein supplement energy metabolism athlete modern pentathlon

基金项目:上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目（22dz1204600）

Author Name	Affiliation
LI Longji	School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438 , China
GENG Zhizhong	School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438 , China
WANG Jinhao	Shang-hai Research Institute of Sport Science & Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency, Shanghai 200030 , China
CAO Zhongrong	Shanghai Competitive Sports Training and Management Center, Shanghai 202162 , China
QIU Jun	Shang-hai Research Institute of Sport Science & Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency, Shanghai 200030 , China

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中文摘要:

目的：探究高温高湿环境下递增负荷运动结合乳清蛋白补充对运动员静息代谢，运动时和运动后代谢气体中碳水化合物、脂肪代谢的影响。方法：招募8名一线男性现代五项运动员，分别按照常规环境-对照组、常规环境-乳清蛋白组、高温高湿环境-对照组、高温高湿环境-乳清蛋白组的干预顺序进行实验。测试当天进行静息代谢测试和体成分测试，在进入特殊环境测试前30 min补充或不补充乳清蛋白，随后进行递增负荷测试，结束后采集恢复10 min代谢气体，次日清晨再进行静息代谢测试。结果：在不同环境下急性递增负荷运动结合乳清蛋白补充干预次日的静息代谢率组间无显著性差异。高温高湿环境下的补充组和对照组的碳水化合物氧化率、供能率均显著提高（P＜0.05）。递增负荷运动中各阶段碳水化合物氧化率，在高温高湿环境下4~8 km/h时补充与对照组均显著降低。在峰值运动负荷时和运动后的1~9 min内存在环境主效应显著性差异（P＜0.05）。各阶段脂肪氧化率，在高温高湿环境下4~8 km/h阶段中补充与对照组均升高，存在补充主效应显著性差异（P＜0.05）。在运动中的13~16 km/h时存在环境主效应显著性差异。结论：与常规环境相比，高温高湿环境急性递增负荷运动结合运动前乳清蛋白补充对运动员次日静息代谢、整个运动过程的碳水化合物氧化率和脂肪氧化率无影响。在较低运动强度下（4~8 km/h）补充乳清蛋白，可提高脂肪氧化率和降低碳水化合物氧化。

英文摘要:

Objective: To explore the effects of incremental load exercise combined with whey protein supplementation on resting metabolism, carbohydrate and fat metabolism in metabolic gases during and after exercise in high temperature and humidity environment. Methods: Eight first-line male modern pentathlon athletes were recruited, and the experiments were conducted according to the intervention sequence of conventional environment control group, conventional environment whey protein group, high temperature and high humidity environment control group, and high temperature and high humidity environment whey protein group. Resting metabolism test and body composition test were carried out on the day of the test. Whey protein was supplemented or not supplemented 30 minutes before entering the special environment test, and then incremental load test was carried out. After that, recovery gas was collected for 10 minutes, and resting metabolism test was carried out in the morning of the next day. Results: there was no significant difference in resting metabolic rate on the next day after acute incremental load exercise combined with whey protein supplementation intervention in different environments. The carbohydrate oxidation rate and carbohydrate energy supply rate in the supplement and control groups were significantly increased（P＜0.05）under high temperature and humidity environment. The carbohydrate oxidation rate at each stage of incremental load exercise was significantly lower in the supplement and control groups under high temperature and humidity environment at 4-8km/h. There were significant differences（P＜0.05）in the main environmental effects between the peak exercise load and 1-9min after exercise. The lipid oxidation rate in each stage increased in the 4-8km/h stage under high temperature and humidity, and there was a significant difference（P＜0.05）in the main effect between the supplement group and the control group. There are significant differences in the main environmental effects at 13-16km/h during exercise. Conclusion: compared with the conventional environment, acute incremental load exercise in high temperature and humidity environment combined with whey protein supplement before exercise has no effect on the rest metabolism of athletes the next day, the carbohydrate oxidation rate and fat oxidation rate during the whole exercise process. At low exercise intensity (4-8km/h), it can improve the rate of fat oxidation and reduce carbohydrate oxidation.

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