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| 中美奥运博弈及对我国竞技体育发展的启示与思考 |
| The Strategic Rivalry Between China and the U.S. in the Olympic Arena: Implications and Reflections on the Development of Competitive Sports in China |
| Received:April 05, 2025 |
| DOI：10.12064/ssr.2025040501 |
| 中文关键词:夏季奥运会 竞技体育 奥运博弈 科学化训练 |
| 英文关键词:Olympic Games competitive sports olympic rivalry scientific training |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目（23&ZD192） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 回顾了1984—2024年11届夏季奥运会的中美竞争博弈，美国在奥运赛场的优势地位依旧，中国正快速崛起。中美各有6个优势项目在奥运博弈中发挥决定性作用。中美奥运竞争可以分为优势差异、边际、同项竞争与新兴等4类不同项目，各类项目在中美博弈中扮演不同角色。中美奥运博弈要认清形势、抓住本质和科学施策，提高优势项目的科学化训练水平，促进奥运项目的全面发展，振兴体能基础大项和三大球项目，重视非奥项目的发展。这些都是中美奥运博弈制胜的对策。应审视和反思以奥运为目标的竞技体育发展策略，树立竞技体育全面发展的大战略观，认识我国奥运金牌格局的不足和问题，顺应世界竞技体育的发展潮流，从项目发展和科学化训练两个方面推动我国由体育大国向体育强国迈进。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study conducts a longitudinal analysis between the China and U.S. strategic rivalry across 11 Summer Olympic Games from 1984 to 2024. The findings indicate that while the United States maintains traditional dominance, China exhibits a remarkable trajectory of sustained advancement. Six dominant disciplines have been identified for each nation, serving as pivotal determinants in shaping the evolving dynamics of this athletic rivalry. The Olympic Game between China and the United States can be categorized into four distinct types of events: Advantage-differentiated events, marginal events, directly competitive events, and emerging events. Each type contributes uniquely to the overall strategic rivalry. Addressing the China-U.S. Olympic rivalry necessitates a clear understanding of the current competitive landscape, accurate identification of its fundamental characteristics, and the implementation of scientifically informed strategies. Enhancing scientific training in advantage events, promoting comprehensive development of Olympic disciplines, revitalizing foundational physical events and three major ball games, and emphasizing the development of non-Olympic events are essential measures for gaining a competitive advantage in future Olympic Games. Furthermore, it is essential to critically examine and reflect upon the Olympic-centered approach to competitive sports development, establishing a broader strategic vision aimed at comprehensive advancement. Recognizing the limitations and challenges within China's current Olympic gold medal structure is crucial. Aligning with global trends in high-performance sport and achieving a coordinated progression in both sport-specific development and the scientific enhancement of training systems will be instrumental in China's transformation from a major sporting nation to a leading global sporting power. |
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