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| 足球俱乐部“体育继承人”的认定——以CAS对辽宁沈阳城市足球俱乐部案的裁决为起点 |
| Identification of the "Sporting Successor" of the Football Club: Starting from CAS's Decision on the Liaoning Shenyang City Football Club Case |
| Received:July 22, 2024 |
| DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024072205 |
| 中文关键词:国际体育仲裁院 足球俱乐部 体育继承人 主观要素 |
| 英文关键词:Court of Arbitration for Sport football club sporting successor subjective element |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金青年项目（20CTY010） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2023年10月3日，国际体育仲裁院（CAS）仲裁庭正式作出裁决，认定辽宁沈阳城市足球俱乐部不是辽宁宏运足球俱乐部的“体育继承人”。在该案中，从历史、运动成就、足球组别、俱乐部的名称、队服颜色、队徽、球员、工作人员以及公众认知等重要要素可以看出，辽宁沈阳城市足球俱乐部明显不是辽宁宏运足球俱乐部的“体育继承人”。为了理解和解决全球化背景下“体育继承人”的法律问题，通过文献分析法与案例分析法，结合CAS仲裁庭对辽宁沈阳城市足球俱乐部案的裁决，发现：在目前仲裁实践中，“体育继承人”的认定仍存在一些问题，即对“体育继承人”定义的模糊性和主观要素考量的忽视，以及由此导致的“类案不同判”的问题。对此，建议应在相关规则中补充“体育继承人”的定义，从疑似“体育继承人”是否试图回避“旧俱乐部”的资产负债表，以及疑似“体育继承人”是否直接或间接在公众中塑造“旧俱乐部”的“体育继承人”形象两方面综合判断疑似“体育继承人”的主观因素，明确惩罚滥用权利以逃避法律或合同义务的体育实体。同时，CAS应当建立和完善国际体育仲裁先例库指导与退出机制，以促进包括“体育继承人”案件在内裁决的一致性和公平性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| On October 3, 2023, the Court of Arbitration for Sport officially ruled that the Liaoning Shenyang City Football Club is not the "sporting successor" of the Liaoning Hongyun Football Club. Judged from key factors such as history, sporting achievements, football division, club name, team jersey colors, team emblem, players, staff, and public perception, the Liaoning Shenyang City Football Club is obviously not the "sporting successor" of the Liaoning Hongyun Football Club. In order to understand and solve the legal issues of sporting succession in the context of globalization, this paper, through the methods of literature review and case analysis, combined with the CAS arbitration on the Liaoning Shenyang City Football Club, reveals that there are still some problems in identification of "sports successor" in current arbitration practice, namely the ambiguity of the definition of "sporting successor" and the neglect of subjective elements, as well as the resulting problem of "different judgments in the similar case". In response to these problems, this paper proposes that the definition of "sporting ssuccessor" should be added to the relevant rules; that the subjective factors of the suspected "sporting successor" should be comprehensively judged from two aspects: whether the suspected "sporting successor" attempts to avoid the balance sheet of the "old club" and whether the suspected "sporting successor" directly or indirectly shapes the image of the "sporting successor" of the "old club" among the public; that the sports entity which abuses its rights to evade legal or contractual obligations should undoubtedly be punished; and that meanwhile CAS should establish and improve a mechanism for guiding and withdrawing from the international sports arbitration precedent bank in order to promote consistency and fairness in awards, including "sporting successor" cases. |
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