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| 体适能运动干预对学龄前儿童身体素质差异性特征的影响 |
| Effects of Physical Fitness Exercise Intervention on Differences of Physical Fitness in Preschool Children |
| Received:September 06, 2024 |
| DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024090601 |
| 中文关键词:干预程度 体适能运动 身体素质 学龄前儿童 优势能力 劣势能力 差异性特征 |
| 英文关键词:intervention physical fitness exercise physical health preschool children superior ability inferior ability different characteristics |
| 基金项目:广东省体育局科研创新项目（GDSS2020NO98） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：通过15周体适能干预，探究体适能干预对5~6岁学龄前儿童的身体素质差异性特征的影响。方法：招募广州2所试点幼儿园280名5~6岁学龄前儿童，随机分为实验组与对照组。实验组进行15周体适能干预（每周3 d，每天40 min）。体适能干预前7周以中低等运动强度体适能游戏为主，后8周以中高等运动强度体适能运动为主。在干预前、干预第3周、第6周、第9周、第12周及第15周后，测量两组受试者的身体素质指标，并对数据进行分析。结果：①实验组与对照组组间差异显示，实验干预对5~6岁学龄前儿童身体素质具有显著促进作用，身体素质提升存在指标差异。男性儿童在学龄前阶段的力量、四肢爆发力及躯干肌肉控制能力指标提升较大。女性儿童在平衡稳定、身体柔韧性及协调性指标提升较大。②实验组组内差异显示，干预效果显著性存在时间差异。男性儿童在干预6周后身体素质指标显著提升，女性儿童在干预9周后身体素质指标显著提升。后8周体适能干预强度的提升能够进一步促进学龄前儿童身体素质能力的改善。结论：体适能干预是有效提高5~6岁学龄前儿童身体素质的有效方式，改善效应呈时间依赖性递增关系，在实施运动干预时应把握中低等运动强度体适能游戏与中高等运动强度体适能运动干预的阶段时间比重。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective was to investigate the effects of 15-week physical fitness exercise on the differences of physical fitness of preschool children aged 5-6 years. 280 preschool children aged 5-6 years from two pilot kindergartens in Guangzhou were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. Experimental group underwent 15-week physical fitness exercise (3 days/week, 40 min/day). The physical fitness exercise intervention were mainly focused on low to moderate intensity physical fitness games in the first 7-week. The last 8-week were mainly focused on moderate to high intensity physical fitness exercises. The physical fitness indicators of two groups of subjects were tested before exercise, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 9weeks, 12 weeks, and 15 weeks after exercise. The difference between the experimental and control groups showed that the intervention had a significant contribution to the physical fitness of preschool children aged 5-6, and there were differences in indicators of physical fitness improvement. Male children had greater gains in strength, limb explosiveness, and trunk muscle control at the pre-school age. Female children showed greater gains in balance stability, body flexibility, and coordination indicators. The difference within the experimental group showed that there was a significant time difference in the intervention effect. Male children showed significant improvement in physical fitness indicators after 6 weeks of intervention, while female children showed significant improvement in physical fitness indicators after 9 weeks of intervention. The increase in physical fitness intervention intensity in the last 8 weeks could further promote the improvement of physical fitness and ability in preschool children. It can be concluded that physical fitness intervention is an effective way to improve the physical fitness of preschool children aged 5-6 years, and the improvement effect shows a time-dependent incremental relationship, and therefore it's important to manage the phase time ratio between low to moderate and moderate to high intensity physical fitness games when implementing exercise interventions. |
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